2021, vol. 18, br. 2, str. 113-126
|
|
Pravni principi i mehanizam u vezi s nestalim licima u SFRJ i AP KiM
Legal principles and mechanism in relation to missing persons in SFRY and AP KiM
Projekat: The work was created within the project FPKNLVS ("Significance and role of legal sciences in resolving the issue of missing persons in armed conflicts in the former SFRY and AP Kim"), under the auspices of the Commission for Missing Persons of the Government of the Republic of Serbia
Sažetak
Rešavanje pitanja nestalih u bivšoj SFRJ, uključujući slučajeve nestanka i otmica na Kosovu i Metohiji, važno je humanitarno i političko pitanje. Proces pomirenja zasnovan je na izgradnji multietničkih društava demokratije, vladavine zakona i tolerancije u regionu u velikoj meri zavise od rešavanja ovog složenog problema. Istovremeno, obaveza je nadležnih organa prema porodicama nestalih osoba koje imaju pravo da znaju istinu o sudbini svojih najmilijih. Rešavanju problema nestalih trebalo bi pristupiti pre svega primenom humanitarnog prava, ali primećeno je da od samog početka ovog procesa postoji visok stepen politizacije. Iako se potreba za otkrivanjem istine o sudbini osoba nestalih tokom oružanih sukoba izražava prvenstveno među članovima njihovih porodica, a zatim se sporadično pojavljuje na dnevnom redu sastanaka državnika u regionu, u stvarnosti postoje stvarne prepreke potraga za nestalim osobama. Te prepreke se kreću od nedovoljnog kapaciteta državnih organa uključenih u potragu za nestalim licima, nedovoljnih finansijskih sredstava, do nedostatka političke volje za unapređenjem regionalne saradnje i odlučnosti da se potraga za nestalim licima učini efikasnijom. Kao posledica opisane situacije, evidentno je da se proces usporava i daje prednost aktivnostima na etničkom, a ne na humanitarnom principu, što bi omogućilo da se ovaj problem reši u približno jednakom obimu i dinamici u čitavom regionu. Takođe, primećen je nedovoljan stepen saradnje i otvorenosti u razmeni informacija između učesnika u procesu i saradnji za neophodno planiranje i sinhronizaciju aktivnosti i najpreciznije određivanje dinamike u procesu ekshumacija i identifikacija u regionu. Stoga je uskraćivanje informacija o otetim i nestalim osobama okarakterisano kao grubo kršenje ljudskih prava od članova njihovih porodica. S druge strane, ostaje obaveza da svi počinioci zločina poput otmica i drugih akata nasilja nad civilima moraju biti izvedeni pred lice pravde u skladu sa međunarodnim normama i važećim domaćim zakonom. Stoga je cilj ovog rada da prikaže važnost dosledne primene međunarodnih pravnih okvira u zaštiti prava nestalih i njihovih porodica, sa posebnim osvrtom na odnos međunarodnog i nacionalnog pravnog okvira za razjašnjavanje sudbine nestalih lica.
Abstract
Resolving the issue of missing persons in the former SFRY, including cases of disappearances and abductions in Kosovo and Metohia, is an important humanitarian and political issue. The process of reconciliation is based on the building of multiethnic societies democracy, the rule of law and tolerance in the region largely depend on solving this complex problem. At the same time, it is the obligation of the competent authorities towards the families of missing persons who have the right to know the truth about the fate of their loved ones. As the solution of the problem of missing persons should be approached primarily as humanitarian law, it was noticed that from the very beginning of this process there is a high degree of politicization. Although the need to find out the truth about the fate of persons who disappeared during the armed conflicts is expressed primarily among their family members, and then sporadically appears on the agenda of meetings of statesmen in the region, in reality there are real obstacles to the search for missing persons. These obstacles range from insufficient capacity of state bodies involved in the search for missing persons, insufficient financial resources, to a lack of political will to improve regional cooperation and a determination to make the search for missing persons more efficient. As a consequence of the described situation, it is evident that the process is slowing down and giving priority to activities on the ethnic rather than humanitarian principle, which would enable this problem to be solved to approximately the same scope and dynamics in the entire region. Also, an insufficient degree of cooperation and openness in the exchange of information between participants in the process and cooperation for the necessary planning and synchronization of activities and the most precise determination of the dynamics in the process of exhumations and identifications in the region was noticed. Therefore, the denial of information on abductees and missing persons was characterized as a gross violation of the human rights of their family members. On the other hand, there remains an obligation that all perpetrators of crimes such as kidnappings and other acts of violence against civilians must be brought to justice in accordance with international norms and applicable domestic law. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to show the importance of consistent application of international legal frameworks in the protection of the rights of missing persons and their families, with special reference to the relationship between international and national legal framework for clarifying the fate of missing persons.
|