2013, br. 140, str. 173-189
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Frojdova antropologija i psihološka analiza korena, prirode i funkcije religije
Freud anthropology and psychological analysis of the roots, nature and functions of religion
Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet za specijalnu edukaciju i rehabilitaciju
Sažetak
Frojdovo shvatanje ljudske prirode je 'pesimističko', pošto naglašava dominaciju iracionalnih, nagonskih i nesvesnih motiva nad racionalnim, svesnim i moralnim. Čovek je tragično, unutar sebe samoga raspolućeno biće u kojem se žestoko sukobljavaju svesno i nesvesno, nagonsko i duhovno, princip zadovoljstva i princip realnosti. On je stvorenje sklono samoobmanama, a jedna od najvećih samoobmana i iluzija je - religija. Tvorac psihoanalize sistematski nastoji da u svojoj dubinskoj kritici religije demistifikuje njeno poreklo, suštinu i društvenu i psihološku funkciju. Poreklo religije je u reakciji na osećanje krivice i kajanja koje su rezultat praubistva oca. Bog je idealizovana infantilna predstava svemoćnog oca, koji štiti, nagrađuje i kažnjava, a uteha religije je kolektivna iluzija, koja je odgovor na doživljaj vlastite nemoći. Ova uteha je prijatna, ali nije istinita, kaže Frojd. Brižljiva analiza tekstova studija i pisama prvog psihoanalitičara, kao i svedočenja njegovih najbližih saradnika, otkrivaju da i ovaj beskompromisni ateista ima svoju religiju - Nauku, a da je njegov skriveni Bog - Logos.
Abstract
Freud's understanding of human nature is 'pessimistic'; he emphasizes the dominance of the irrational, instinctive and unconscious motives over rational, conscious and moral. The man is a tragic and split creature within himself, with an intense conflict between the conscious and the unconscious, the instinctive and the spiritual, the pleasure principle and the reality principle. He is a creature prone to self-deception and one of the biggest self-deceptions and illusions is - religion. The creator of psychoanalysis seeks to systematically demystify its origin, substance, its social and psychological function in his in-depth critique of religion. The origins of religion lie in the response of feelings of guilt and remorse, as a result of the murder of the primal father. God is the idealized infantile omnipotent father figure, who protects rewards and punishes, while the comfort of religion is a collective illusion, a response to feelings of helplessness. This consolation is pleasant, but not real, says Freud. Careful study and analysis of the texts of letters of the first psychoanalyst, as well as testimonies of his closest associates, reveal that this uncompromising atheist has his own religion - Science, and that his hidden God is - Logos.
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