2004, vol. 52, iss. 1-2, pp. 79-115
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Nominate and in nominate contracts in the present-day law of obligations
Imenovani i neimenovani ugovori u savremenom obligacionom pravu
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Law, Serbia
Keywords: nominate contracts; in nominate contracts; joined contracts; mixed contracts; theory of absorption
Abstract
This paper discusses the problems that arise in the present-day Law of Obligations, in connection with the classification of contracts into nominate and in nominate contracts. The analysis contains a theoretical examination of the said contracts, their sub-types (linked, joined, mixed and atypical) their qualification and interpretation, the conflict of laws in the domain of contracts, particularly in view of public policy. Without referring to the classic institutions of obligation, i.e. contractual law, it is difficult or even impossible to understand the changing nature of contractual relations in our times, especially because they seem to be taking on completely new forms. What appear to be quite new forms of in nominate contracts, often on the very boundaries of public policy (public order),fair dealings, and prohibited contracts impose the need for a thorough and theoretical re-examination of the old classification of contracts into nominate and in nominate. In fact those modern, apparently, completely new contracts can be reduced to a kind of sub-type, which is between classic nominate and in nominate contracts. This premise could have significant, practical consequences because the legal life of such a contract will largely depend on the application of one or the other theory, e.g. the theory of absorption or the theory of combination with the possibility of relativising clear-cut types of contracts (e.g. the theory of absorption with certain specificities). It goes without saying that all of this, significantly eases the practical understanding and treatment of such contracts, especially from the viewpoint of the basic and, in a certain sense, most important question - their permissibility. Besides the theoretical approach, the paper also deals with all the legal aspects of one specific, in nominate contract, which provoked heated public debate and was the subject of several court cases. In conclusion, based on the doctrinal grounds, on experience in comparative law, as well as on foreign cases, the author gives his view of the resolution of these extremely complex problems which in our judicial practice would require the application both of general and of particular rules contained in the Law of Obligations, and the appropriate application of special legislation.
Sažetak
Izučavanje i praktično obrađivanje ugovornih odnosa koji poprimaju naizgled potpuno nove oblike, a koji se, sve češće, javljaju u savremenom pravu, nije moguće bez "vraćanja" klasičnim institutima obligacionog, odnosno ugovornog prava. Povećani broj prividno potpuno novih neimenovanih ugovora aktuelizuje potrebu produbljenog teorijskog izučavanja podele ugovora na imenovane i neimenovane, pri čemu se najveći broj tih modernih novih neimenovanih ugovora može, u stvari, podvesti pod međupodelu, koja se nalazi negde na sredini upravo između klasičnih imenovanih ugovora i neimenovanih ugovora. To, razume se, ima značajne praktične posledice, jer će pravni život jednog takvog ugovora zavisiti od mogućnosti primene na primer teorije apsorpcije ili kombinacije, a ponekad se čak i primena ovih teorija mora relativizovati npr. teorija apsorpcije sa izvesnim odstupanjima. Neki najnoviji slučajevi u našoj praksi potvrđuju potrebu i značaj ovakvog pristupa.
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