The Ombudsman Institution, originally founded in Sweden in 1809, during the time received a planetary character. At the same time, its competencies increased: from a classical controller of public administration, the Ombudsman grew into a national institution of human rights protection. The Constitution of Serbia (2006) recognized the Protector of Citizens as an independent state body that should protect citizens' rights and monitor the work of public administration bodies. The activity of the Protector of Citizens in the sphere of human rights protection was viewed from the general perspective. The role of the Protector of Citizens has been recognized in creating the appropriate legislative environment, then as an NHRI and as a national mechanism for the prevention of torture. Thus, the Protector of Citizens is positioned as a significant institution for the protection of human rights, but the scope of its work is largely determined by the personal capacity of its holder and the willingness of the Assembly and the Government to act following its recommendations and initiatives.