2018, vol. 56, br. 7-9, str. 359-372
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Rešavanje sporova pred ombudsmanom u osiguranju - s posebnim osvrtom na ombudsmana u osiguranju Savezne Republike Nemačke
Resolving disputes in front through insurance ombudsman: With a special emphasis on insurance ombudsman in Federal Republic of Germany
Institut za uporedno pravo, Beograd, Srbija
Sažetak
Pojedini nacionalni pravni sistemi, uključujući i Srbiju, ne poznaju institut ombudsmana pred kojim bi se rešavali sporovi između osiguravača i ugovarača osiguranja. Potrebu za ovim vidom rešavanja sporova prepoznala je i Svetska banka, što je istakla u svojim izveštajima o poboljšanju poverenja potrošača u pružaoce finansijskih usluga. Iz toga razloga se u radu raspravljaju prednosti i mane ovog načina rešavanja sporova, što bi trebalo da doprinese akademskoj raspravi o potrebi uvođenja ovog instituta. Kako uporednopravna iskustva značajno doprinose celokupnoj slici o nekom institutu, u radu su predstavljene i karakteristike ombudsmana za osiguranje u Nemačkoj. Iako on postoji i u drugim pravnim sistemima, za rad je izabrana Nemačka, jer je u ovoj zemlji obudsman nadležan isključivo za raspravljanje ugovora o osiguranju. U većini drugih zemalja radi se o finansijskom ombudsmanu, pred kojim se može voditi postupak u vezi sa različitim pravnim poslovima. Prilikom predstavljanja nemačkog ombudsmana skrenuta je pažnja i na određena pravna pitanja, koja još uvek nisu dobila svoj konačni odgovor i koja ostavljaju praznine u regulisanju ovog institua. Time su se nastojale dati što jasnije smernice za regulisanje ombudsmana za osiguranje.
Abstract
A need for implementation of legal institute of insurance ombudsman to national legal systems has been recognized by the World Bank that emphasized it in its reports related to enhancing customers' trust in providers of financial services. Some national legal systems, including Serbia, do not contain insurance ombudsman, as alternative dispute resolution method between insurer and consumer. On that account this paper presents advantages and disadvantages of this dispute resolution system that should contribute to academic discussion about introducing this institute. Certain shortcomings are also pointed out, but also the methods for their overcoming. Since comparative experiences always make a considerable contribution to a overall image of a certain institute, features of insurance ombudsman in Germany have also been given. Even though some other countries are familiar with insurance ombudsman, a role model from Germany has been picked for several reasons. But first of all, because in Germany it is a ombudsman in charge of resolving insurance disputes exclusively. In most of the other countries we speak about financial ombudsman, authorizes to resolve different kinds of legal acts. While presenting German Insurance ombudsman certain, legal unanswered questions and gaps have been pointed out. The main aim was to provide as precise guidelines as possible for establishing insurance ombudsman in other legal systems.
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