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2016, vol. 71, br. 3, str. 487-493
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Generisanje i upravljanje medicinskim otpadom u Srbiji - pregled
Generation and management of medical waste in Serbia: A review
aMinistarstvo poljoprivrede i zaštite životne sredine Republike Srbije, Beograd
bUniverzitet Singidunum, Fakultet za primenjenu ekologiju - Futura, Beograd, Srbija
cInstitut za javno zdravlje Srbije 'Dr Milan Jovanović Batut', Beograd, Srbija
Sažetak
U radu su predstavljeni podaci o generisanju, količinama i upravljanju medicinskim otpadom (MO) u Srbiji. Predstavljeni su načini procene i ukupne godišnje količine generisanja MO po kategorijama. Zaključeno je da se najviše proizvede farmaceutskog (64%) i infektivnog (32%) MO. Prema dobijenim podacima, upravljanje MO u Srbiji je trenutno na niskom nivou, osim kada je u pitanju infektivni otpad. U radu su predložene jednostavnije metode tretmana u postojećim autoklavima i kompleksnije metode (insineracija i plazmena piroliza), kao kratkoročna i dugoročna rešenja. Predviđena rastuća količina MO zahteva povećanje postojećih kapaciteta prerade i primenu novih rešenja. Kapacitet instaliranih autoklava može da bude uvećan povećanjem njihovog radnog vremena, kako bi se izbegla dodatna ulaganja. Međutim, tretman u autoklavima je pogodan samo za infektivni otpad. Za drugi MO, čije glavne frakcije čine farmaceutski i hemijski otpad ne postoji infrastruktura. Kao privremeno rešenje, farmaceutski otpad se tretira u inostranstvu što na duži vremenski period nije finansijski prihvatljivo. Kako trenutno osnovu tretmana MO u Srbiji čini samo mreža zdravstvenih ustanova opremljenih autoklavima, kao centralnih (CMT) i lokalnih (LMT) mesta tretmana za tretman infektivnog otpada, preporuka je da se ovoj mreži pridruže i dodatni kapaciteti za tretman neinfektivnog otpada, uz istovremenu optimizaciju nivoa organizacije upravljanja celokupnim MO.
Abstract
This study presents generation, quantities and medical waste (MW) management in Serbia. It represents assessment methods and total annual MW generation by categories. It was concluded that pharmaceutical (64%) and infectious (32%) MW production is the largest. According to available data, MW management in Serbia is currently at low level, except when it comes to infectious waste. Research proposed simpler treatment methods in existing autoclaves and complex methods (incineration and plasma-pyrolysis), as well as short-term and long-term solutions. Predicted MW growing amount requires existing capacity increase for processing and new solutions application. Installed autoclaves capacity could be increased by increasing working time, in order to avoid additional investment. However, treatment in autoclave is only suitable for infectious MW. For other medical waste, which main fractions are pharmaceutical and chemical waste, there is no infrastructure. As temporary solution, pharmaceutical waste is treated abroad which in longer period is not financially feasible. Considering that MW treatment in Serbia currently is based on health facilities network equipped with autoclaves, as central (CTF) and local (LTF) treatments facilities for infectious waste treatment, it is recommended additional capacity implementation for treatment of non-infectious waste to this network, with simultaneous management level optimization of whole MW.
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