2014, vol. 55, br. 2, str. 181-188
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Efikasno korišćenje energije i resursa kroz očuvanje i oporavak u pivarama
Efficient use of energy and resource through conservation and recovery in breweries
University of Tirana, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Tirana, Albania
Sažetak
Pivare su zgrade relativno velikih razmera i visoko energetski potrošači u industrija. U suštini, proizvodnja piva je podeljena na tri procesa: vrenje, fermentacija i pakovanje. Vrenje piva zahteva veliku potrošnju toplote, naročito za zagrevanje vode troši se trećina (1/3) potrošnje celog postrojenja. Fermentacija sa procesom sazrevanja troši veliku energiju za hlađenje rashladnog sistema. Ovaj proces troši 60 do 70% od celokupnog kapaciteta hlađenja. U procesu pakovanja, takođe, troši se mnogo toplotne energije (pare). U principu, potrošnja pare u procesu pakovanja je 70 do 80% u odnosu na potrošnju pare u procesu vrenja. Efikasno korišćenje energije sastoji se u konzervaciji i oporavku. Očuvanje energije, kroz smanjenje količine zagađenja, kreiran je u proizvodnji ili korišćenju energije (npr., CO2, NOk, SO2, pepela,itd). Od drugih mera zaštite za smanjenje energetskih potreba, rukovanje i tretman otpadom igraju važan faktor u smanjivanju operativnih troškova u proizvodnji. Postoji nekoliko metoda za dobijanje energija koje se mogu koristiti u pivarama za smanjenje potrošnje energije; međutim, većina ovih metoda za dobijanje energija su skupi i treba posmatrati samo one koji dovode do smanjenja potrošnje energije. Oporavak isparenja kondenzata predstavlja veliku uštedu u potrošnji energije za pivare. Korišćenje energije tokom transformacije CO2 i NH3 iz tečnosti u gasovitom obliku kompresorskim kulama je, takođe, dobro poznat postupak.
Abstract
Breweries are relatively large scale plants and highly energy consuming industry. Basically, beer production is divided to three processes, Brewing, Fermentation and Packaging. Brewing requires high heat consumption, particularly the wort kettle consumes one third (1/3) of steam consumption of entire plant. Fermentation with maturation process consumes large cooling energy by refrigeration system. This process consumes 60 to 70% of entire cooling capacity. Packaging process also consumes a lot of heat energy (steam). In general, steam consumption of packaging process is 70 to 80% compared to brewing process for steam consumption. Efficient use of energy consist on conservation and recovery. Energy conservation, reduce the amount of pollution created in the production or use of energy (e.g., CO2, NOX, SO2, ash, etc.). From the other hand pollution prevention measures reduce the energy requirements for waste handling and treatment, as a result a reduction in energy consumption is an important consideration in lowering the operational cost. There are several methods of energy recovery that can be considered by breweries to reduce energy consumption; however, most are expensive and should only be considered once measures for reducing energy consumption have been made first. The recovery of vapors condensate represent a major saving in energy consumption for a brewery. Utilization of CO2 and NH3 energy during transformation from liquid in gaseous form, is also a well known procedure in water cooling for compressors towers.
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