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2021, vol. 36, br. 1, str. 35-43
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Uticaj kvaliteta vode na kompatibilnost pesticida i đubriva
Impact of water quality on pesticides and fertilizer compatibility
Projekat: Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije (institucija: Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet) (MPNTR - 451-03-68/2020-14/200117)
Sažetak
Smeše dva ili više pesticida vrlo su česte u savremenoj poljoprivredi. Međutim, promene u efikasnosti ili biološkoj aktivnosti preparata, poput sinergizma i antagonizma, fitotoksičnosti, postojanosti, toksičnosti za neciljane organizme, mogu se javiti kao posledica primene takvih smeša. Ovo istraživanje je sprovedeno u cilju procene kompatibilnosti radnih tečnosti insekticida (cijantraniliprol - Exirel, hlorantraniliprol - Coragen 20 SC), fungicida (kaptan - Merpan 50 WP) i folijarnog đubriva (Folia Stim Mix TE), kao i njihovih smeša, u zavisnosti od kvaliteta vode (bunarska voda sa dva lokaliteta u Srbiji - Mala Remeta i Čerević). Navedeni preparati se koriste za suzbijanje najznačajnijih štetnih organizama breskve i kao izvor hranljivih sastojaka za biljku. Analize vode (pH, tvrdoća, elektroprovodljivost, hloridi, nitrati, nitriti, amonijak, sadržaj kalcijuma i gvožđa) i fizičko-hemijskih svojstava radnih tečnosti (pH, suspenzibilnost, disperzibilnost, površinski napon i elektroprovodljivost) izvedene su u laboratorijskom uslovima prema standardnim metodama. U zavisnosti od kvaliteta vode i komponenti koje su uključene u smešu, došlo je do promene fizičko-hemijskih svojstava radnih tečnosti. Međutim, sve testirane radne tečnosti su pokazale konzistentnost i kompatibilnost tokom 24 sata.
Abstract
Mixtures of two or more pesticides are very common in contemporary agriculture. However, changes in their efficacy or biological activity, such as synergism and antagonism, phytotoxicity, persistence, toxicity to non-target organisms, may occur as a consequence. This study was conducted in order to evaluate the compatibility of insecticides (cyantraniliprole - Exirel, chlorantraniliprole - Coragen 20 SC), a fungicide (captan - Merpan 50 WP) and a foliar fertilizer (Folia Stim Mix TE), as well their mixtures, in spray liquids, depending on water quality (well water from two locations in Serbia - Mala Remeta and Čerević). These products are used to control the most significant peach pests, and as an additional source of nutrients. Water analysis (pH, hardness, electroconductivity, chloride, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, calcium and iron content) and tests of physico-chemical properties of the spray liquids (pH, suspensibility, dispersibility, surface tension, and electroconductivity) were performed in a laboratory experiment according to standard methods. The physico-chemical properties of the liquids changed depending on water quality and components incorporated in the mixture. However, all tested spray liquids showed consistency and compatibility over a period of 24 hours.
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