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2017, vol. 65, br. 4, str. 948-967
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Poliuretanski i elastomerni delovi za industriju obuće dobijeni tehnologijom tečnog injekcionog oblikovanja
Characteristics of polyurethane and elastomer parts for shoe industry produced by liquid injection molding technology
Sažetak
U radu su navedene karakteristike materijala koji se koriste u industriji obuće, sa posebnim osvrtom na poliuretanske materijale za izradu đonova. Razmotrena je uloga, namena i konstrukcija đonova, kao i zahtevi koje bi ovaj deo obuće trebalo da zadovolji. Opisana je proizvodnja poliuretanskih đonova tehnologijom tečnog injekcionog oblikovanja (LIM tehnologija).Opisana su dva postupka ove tehnologije. U prvom se đon dobija ulivanjem poliuretana u otvoreni alat, a u drugom direktnim ubrizgavanjem poliuretana na gornjište obuće u zatvoreni alat, čime se završava izrada kompletne obuće. Rezultati ispitivanja epruveta, isečenih iz tri uzorka đonova, ukazuju na ispunjenje skoro svih zahteva kvaliteta prema tehničkoj specifikaciji za ovaj deo obuće. Ispitivani uzorci đonova formalno ne zadovoljavaju zahtev za prekidnu čvrstoću, mada su vrednosti ove karakteristike kod uzorka urađenog od kombinovanog materijala guma-poliuretan i uzorka od elastomernog materijala vrlo blizu postavljenog zahteva kvaliteta.
Abstract
This paper presents the characteristics of the materials used in footwear industry, with a particular emphasis on polyurethane materials for making soles. The role, purpose and design of soles are also discussed, as well as the requirements this part of the shoe should satisfy. The manufacturing of polyurethane soles by liquid injection molding technology (LIM technology) is described, namely its two procedures. In the first one, the sole is obtained by pouring polyurethane into an open tool, and the second one is direct injection of polyurethane on the shoe upper in a closed tool, thus completing the production of finished footwear. The results of testing the specimens cut out from three sole samples show that almost all quality requirements under technical specifications for this part of the shoe are met. The tested sole samples do not meet the formal requirements for tensile strength, although the values of this characteristic in a sample made of a polyurethane-rubber combination and a sample made of elastomeric material are very close to the set quality requirements.
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