2014, vol. 52, br. 7-9, str. 391-407
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Blanko menica kao sredstvo obezbeđenja potrošačkog kredita
Blank bill of exchange as security of consumer credits
Univerzitet u Beogradu, Pravni fakultet
Sažetak
U ovom radu autor analizira opasnosti koje se javljaju prilikom potpisivanja blanko menice koja se izdaje u svrhe obezbeđenja potrošačkog kredita. Prvi deo rada odnosi se na pojam i nastanak blanko menice, što je od izuzetnog značaja za sagledavanje njene upotrebe u potrošačkom pravu, kao sredstva obezbeđenja potrošačkog kredita. U drugom delu rada autor razmatra kako apstraktni karakter menice utiče na položaj korisnika kredita u blanko menici. U trećem i centralnom delu ističu se opasnosti kojima se korisnik kredita izlaže potisivanjem ove menice - pre svega, neovlašćeno popunjavanje menice. Autor predlaže dva rešenja - unošenje rekta klauzule u blanko menicu i postavljanje koncepta objektivne odgovornosti banke za neovlašćeno popunjavanje menice. Prvo rešenje ima meničnopravnu prirodu, dok je drugo čisto građanskopravno, ali oba crpe svoje uporište iz načela o zaštiti korisnika finansijskih usluga koje proklamuje Zakon o zaštiti korisnika finansijskih usluga.
Abstract
In this paper the author analyses the risks of signing a blank bill of exchange in order to obtain a consumer credit. First part of the paper focuses on the term and formation of a blank bill of exchange, which is of immense importance for the overview of its usage as a security in consumer credits. In the second part the author investigates how the abstract character of the bill of exchange influences the position of a person who guarantees for a consumer credit with a blank bill of exchange. The third and central part of the paper inspects the uncertainties which consumer credit user encounters by signing a blank bill of exchange f.e. the issue of unauthorized completion of the bill of exchange. Author suggest two solutions to prevent the problems - first, to insert a recta clause into a blank bill of change and second, to set a strict liability regime for the banks who complete the bill without authority. Both solutions are based on the principles of protection the financial services customer which are proclaimed in the Law on protection of financial services consumers.
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