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2020, vol. 54, br. 3, str. 560-582
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Poverenje i subjektivna dobrobit u Srbiji za vreme pandemije - rezultati istraživanja
Trust and subjective well-being in Serbia during the pandemic: Research results
Projekat: Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije (institucija: Univerzitet u Nišu, Filozofski fakultet) (MPNTR - 451-03-68/2020-14/200165)
Sažetak
Kontekst pandemije izazvane infektivnim uzročnikom, time i potencijalna zdravstvena ugroženost velikog broja ljudi jeste novi, savremenom čoveku, malo poznat oblik rizika. Osim oslanjanja na efekte kontrolisanih medicinskih i epidemioloških mera, takva situacija građane usmerava na saradnju i solidarnost i zahteva određeni stepen poverenja ne samo u institucije, nego i poverenje na nivou interpersonalnih odnosa, kao i na lične kapacitete za funkcionisanje u kriznim okolnostima. Ključno pitanje ovog rada jeste koliki su stepen poverenja u ljude ispoljili građani Srbije tokom pandemije i da li se ovaj nivo generalizovanog poverenja razlikuje u grupama prema sociodemografskim obeležjima, tačnije koje su društvene grupe najviše pogođene odsustvom generalizovanog poverenja. Pored toga, ispitan je set varijabli koje su deo koncepta subjektivnog blagostanja (osećaj sreće i zadovoljstva životom) ili su sa njim tesno povezane (osećaj kontrole nad životom, subjektivna procena zdravlja, procena solidarnosti i poštenja drugih ljudi). Analizirani podaci su dobijeni na uzorku od 602 punoletna građana Srbije, posredstvom onlajn istraživanja sprovedenog u maju 2020. godine, deljenjem upitnika putem imejla i društvenih mreža sa više tačaka pristupa. Podaci su upoređeni sa najnovijim dostupnim podacima o pomenutim indikatorima u Srbiji pre pandemije, prikupljene u sklopu Evropske studije vrednosti (European Values Study, EVS) iz 2017. i Evropskog društvenog istraživanja (European Social Survey, ESS) iz 2018. godine. Rezultati ukazuju na značajan pad sreće, kontinuirano niske nivoe osećaja kontrole i zadovoljstva životom, ali i porast u proceni solidarnosti i poštenja drugih ljudi. Navedeni nalazi su u saglasnosti sa rezultatima prethodnih studija koje upućuju na različite dominantne aspekte u ispitivanim konceptima, odakle sledi njihova različita fleksibilnost i (ne)otpornost na promene u društvu.
Abstract
The context of a pandemic caused by an infectious agent and the resulting health risk to a large number of people is a new type of risk contemporary humans are not quite familiar with. In addition to forcing citizens to rely on the effects of controlled medical and epidemiological measures, this kind of situation steers citizens towards cooperation and solidarity as well as towards personal capabilities of functioning during a crisis and it requires a certain degree of trust, not only in the institutions but also in other persons. The aim of this paper is to learn to what degree Serbian citizens trust others during the COVID-19 pandemic and whether this level of generalized trust differs among different sociodemographic groups, or more precisely, which groups were affected the most by the absence of generalized trust. The paper also analyzes a set of variables which are either a part of the concept of subjective well-being (feeling of happiness and life satisfaction) or are closely connected to it (the feeling of control over life, subjective health assessment, and assessments of solidarity and honesty of others). The analyzed data were obtained from a sample of 602 adult Serbian citizens who participated in an online survey in May 2020 by completing a questionnaire they received via e-mail and social networks from multiple access points. These data are compared to the newest available data on the given indicators in Serbia before the pandemic, collected within the European Values Study (EVS) in 2017 and the European Social Survey (ESS) in 2018. The results indicate a significant decrease in happiness and continuously low levels of the feeling of control over life and life satisfaction, but also an increase in the assessed honesty and solidarity of others. These findings are in accordance with the results of the previous studies, which revealed different dominant aspects in the analyzed concepts, leading to their different flexibility and (non)resilience to the changes in society.
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