2016, vol. 54, br. 4-6, str. 598-611
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Pohlepa kao podstrek, ali i kao kočnica ekonomskog razvoja
The greed as a stimulus and as a brake of economic development
Institut za uporedno pravo, Beograd, Srbija
Sažetak
Sveti Pavle je u svoje vreme rekao da je pohlepa izvor svih zala. Sa druge strane, škotski ekonomista Adam Smit je imao drugčije mišljenje o pohlepi. On je rekao da nas pekar, mesar i proizvođač piva snabdevaju svojim proizvodima ne zato što nas vole, već zato što su egoisti koji žele da zarade novac i koji pohlepno vode računa o svojim interesima. Tomas Hobs je tvrdio da je svaki čovek egoista. U tom smislu mnogi ekonomisti i filozofi smatraju da pohlepa i egoizam imaju veliki pozitivan uticaj na konkurenciju i konkuretski duh, na tržište i uopšte ekonomski razvoj. Bez pohlepe nema konkurencije, a bez konkurencije nema ekonomskog rasta. Konkurencija je veoma važna za usostavljnje višestranačkog političkog sistema i za učvršćivanje ideje vladavine prava. Mogli bismo u tom smislu reći da egoizam i pohlepa uopšte nisu loši, ali se sa druge strane moraju imati u vidu i mnoge negativne stvari koje potiču iz pohlepe. Pohlepa je kao što smo rekli, veima važna za uspostavljanje konkurencije, ali, u jednom trenutku pohlepa lako može uništiti konkurenciju, zato što svako želi da uništi svog konkurenta i konkurenciju uopšte. Pohlepa vodi eksploataciji i socijalnoj nejednakosti. Socijalna nejednakost vodi u kriminal, tako da je veza između pohlepe i kriminala vrlo tesna. Ovo je posebno evidentno kada govorimo o vezi pohlepe i korucije. Ljudi koji su vođeni pohlepom nisu spremni da razmišljaju na strpljiv i racionalan način. Takođe, u početku svake prevare stoji pohlepa. U tom smislu treba reći da su mnoge žrtve prevare načinile grešku zahvaljujući svojoj sopstvenoj pohlepi. U tom smislu oni najčešće nisu spremni da otvoreno kažu: bili smo pohlepni, pa smo zato postali žrtve. Na kraju, pohlepa ima veoma negativne posledice i na planu ekologije. Dakle, u jednom određenom smislu nije pogrešno ako se kaže da pohlepa igra pozitivnu ulogu na slobodnom tržištu konkurencije, ali je takođe tačno i ako kažemo da pohlepa može biti kočnica ekonomskom razvoju. Veoma je važno pronaći balans između ova dva ekstrema, ovih različitih posledica.
Abstract
St. Paul used to say that the greed is an origin of all evils. On the other side, great Scottish economist Adam Smith had different opinion about the greed. He said that bakers, butchers and producers of beer provide us their products not because they love us, but because they are egoists, they want to earn money who greedy take care only about their own interests. Thomas Hobbes claimed that every man is an egoist. In that sense there are many philosophers and economists that say that egoism and greed has great positive impact on the competition, on the competitive spirit, on the market and economic development, generally speaking. Without greed there is no competition and without competition there is no economic growth. It has to be said that the competition is very important for the establishing multiparty political system and to stabilize the idea of the rule of law. So, we could say that egoism and greed are not so bad, but on the other side, we must have in mind many negative things that originated from greed. The greed, as we said, is very important for the competition, but in one moment, the greed very easily could destroy competition, because everybody wants to destroy his rival and the competition in general. So, the greed finally leads to the destroying of the competition. The greed leads to the big exploitation and to the social inequality. The social inequality leads to the criminality, so the connection between greed and criminality is very closed. It is especially evident when we are talking about the relationship between the greed and the corruption. People, who are leaded by the greed, are not ready to think on patient and rational way. The greed also stays in the beginning of frauds. In that sense it has to be said that many victims of frauds made mistakes because of their own greed. In that sense usually they are not ready to say clearly - we were greedy and because of that we became the victims. Finally, the greed has very negative effect on the ecology. So, in one sense it is not false if we say that the greed plays positive role in the free, competitive market, but it is also true if we say that the greed could be the brake of the economic development. It is very important to find the balance between those two extremes, those two different consequences.
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