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2022, vol. 50, br. 2, str. 101-106
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Mere zaštite protiv virusa šarke šljive
Protection measures against Plum pox virus
Sažetak
Virus šarke šljive (Plum pox virus) je jedan od najviše proučavanih virusa zbog ekonomskih šteta koje nanosi, kao i velikih ulaganja za njegovu kontrolu i prevenciju. Voćne vrste iz roda Prunus, kao što su šljiva, breskva, kajsija, višnja, trešnja, nektarina, badem, predstavljaju glavne domaćine ovog virusa. PPV je prvi put prijavljen u Bugarskoj 1917. - 1918. godine, i proširio se iz Evrope u Afriku, Južnu Ameriku, Aziju i Severnu Ameriku. Nije detektovan u Australiji i Novom Zelandu. Prenosi se neperzistentno preko više od 20 vrsta lisnih vaši i vegetativnim razmnožavanjem zaraženih biljaka. Stabla koja su infi cirana slabije rađaju, plodovi tih stabala su značajno smanjenog kvaliteta, ali ne izumiru. Za zaštitu biljaka od biljnih virusa ključnu ulogu imaju preventivne mere, kako bi se eliminisali ili redukovali izvori infekcije, pošto ih hemijskim preparatima nije moguće suzbiti. Do danas je identifi kovano 10 sojeva PPV-a na osnovu bioloških, seroloških i molekularn ih svojstava: M, D, Rec, EA, T, W, C, CR, CV, An.
Abstract
Plum pox virus is one of the most studied viruses due to the economic damage it can causes, as well as large investments required for its control and prevention. The main hosts are species that belong to the genus Prunus - plum, apricot, peach, nectarine, almond and cherry. PPV was first time discovered in Bulgaria in 1917-1918, and the virus has spread from Europe to Africa, South America, Asia and North America. The virus has not been detected in Australia and New Zealand. The virus spreads nonpersistent through more than 20 species of aphids and by vegetative propagation of infected plants. Stems of infected plants do not decay, they continue to bear fruit, but in smaller amounts and lower quality. Plant viruses cannot be defeated with chemicals. Action with a goal to eliminate or reduce the source of infection as prevention are necessary. To this day, 10 different strains of PPV have been identified based on biological, serological and molecular properties (M, D, Rec, EA, T, W, C, CR, CV, An).
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