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2022, vol. 9, br. 2, str. 1183-1188
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Mogu li nas karotenoidi zaštiti ili izlečiti?
Can carotenoids cure or protect us?
aInstitut za prehrambene tehnologije, Novi Sad, Srbija bUniverzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet, Katedra za internu medicinu, Srbija + Institut za onkologiju Vojvodine, Sremska Kamenica, Srbija cUniverzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet, Katedra za histologiju i embriologiju, Srbija dUniverzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet, Srbija eUniverzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet, Institut za zdravstvenu zaštitu dece i omladine, Srbija fKlinički centar Vojvodine, Centar za patologiju i histologiju, Novi Sad, Srbija gKlinički centar Vojvodine, Klinika za bolesti uva, grla i nosa, Novi Sad, Srbija
e-adresa: bojana.andrejic-visnjic@mf.uns.ac.rs
Projekat: This work was supported by the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (Project No 142-451-2543/2021-02)
Sažetak
Uvod: Karotenoidi su liposolubilni biljni pigmenti. Najčešće zastupljeni u ljudskoj ishrani su a-karoten, b-karoten, b-kriptoksantin, likopen, lutein i zeksantin. Materijal i metode: Ovaj članak daje pregled dosadašnjih saznanja o karotenoidima, njihovim depoima u telu, preporučenim dnevnim dozama i mehanizmima zaštitnog delovanja. Pretraživali smo PubMed, Google Scholar, SCIndex, Dimension, Scopus i Google na srpskom i engleskom jeziku, koristeći ključne reči za pretragu "karotenoidi", "provitamin A", "antioksidansi", "kardiotoksičnost", "prevencija" i "NADES". Tema: Nakon što se metabolišu u crevnoj sluznici (uz pomoć žučnih kiselina) u apsorbuju, karotenoidi se uglavnom skladište u jetri i masnom tkivu. Glavni uticaj na bioraspoloživost karotenoida je priroda matriksa/medijuma u kome su rastvoreni. Najnovija generacija netoksičnih "zelenih" rastvarača, takozvani NADES (natural deep eutectic solvents) danas su u posebnom fokusu istraživanja. Potvrđeno je da likopen poboljšava efikasnost sperme, te povećava učestalost trudnoća. Kada su u pitanju kardiovaskularne bolesti, trans forme inhibiraju proces ateroskleroze, najverovatnije povećavanjem nivoa HDL-a. Niske koncentracije b-karotena i b-kriptoksantina u sermu su povezane sa povećanom smrtošću od srčanih oboljenja, ali i moždanog udara. Karotenoidi, takođe, mogu izazvati apoptozu u TE1 ćelijama karcinoma skvamoznih ćelija jednjaka. Preporučene dnevne doze još uvek nisu standardizovane, zbog nedostatka sprovedenih studija. Grupa provitamin A karotenoida, kada se pretvore u vitamin A, učestvuju u regulaciji vida i prevenciji očnih bolesti (kseroftalmija, makularna degeneracija, noćno slepilo, ulceracije, ožiljci). Takođe, povezani su sa potencijalnim uticajem na reprodukciju, embriogenezu, imuni sistem, intracelularne veze kao i metaboličke puteve. Studije ukazuju na njihov uticaj u prevenciji i lečenju kako kardiovaskularnih bolesti tako i različitih maligniteta. Zaključak: Dosadašnji literarni podaci ukazuju da su karotenoidi dobar izbor u prevenciji i lečenju različitih oboljenja, međutim, još uvek su nedovoljno istraženi. Zbog toga se sve više studija usmerava ka ovom polju.
Abstract
Introduction: Carotenoids are liposoluble plant pigments. The most common in the human diet are a-carotene, b-carotene, b-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin. Methods: This article provides an overview of the findings on carotenoids to date, their depots in body, recommended daily doses and mechanisms of protective action. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, SCIndex, Dimension, Scopus and Google for English and Serbian language abstracts, using the searching terms "carotenoids", "provitamin A", "antioxidants", "cardiotoxcity", "prevention" and "NADES". Topic: After being metabolised in intestinal mucosa (with the help of bile acids) and absorbed, carotenoids are mainly stored in the liver and adipose tissue. Major impact on carotenoids bioavailability is the nature of matrix/medium in which they are dissolved. The latest generation of non-toxic "green" solvents, the so-called NADES (natural deep eutectic solvents) are in special focus of research today. Lycopene has been confirmed to improve sperm efficiency, raising incidence of pregnancy. Regarding cardiovascular diseases, trans forms inhibit process of atherosclerosis, most likely by increasing HDL levels. Low serum b-carotene and b-cryptoxanthin concentrations is associated with increased mortality from heart diseases, but also stroke. Carotenoids also can cause apoptosis in TE1 cells of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. The recommended daily doses are still not standardized, due to lack of studies performed. A group of provitamin A carotenoids, when converted to vitamin A, participate in the regulation of vision and prevention of eye diseases (xerophthalmia, macular degeneration, night blindness, ulcerations, scars). They are also associated with potential influences on reproduction, embryogenesis, immune system, intracellular connections as well as metabolic pathways. Studies indicate their influence in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, but also various malignancies. Conclusion: The literature data so far has indicated that carotenoids are a good choice in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, however, they are still insufficiently researched to deffine preventive and/or therapeutic doses.
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