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2022, vol. 51, br. 1, str. 101-108
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Prevencija ateroskleroze s osvrtom na gojaznost i neadekvatnu ishranu kao faktore rizika za nastanak kardiovaskularnih bolesti
Prevention of atherosclerosis with reference to obesity and inadequate nutrition as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases
Klinički centar Crne Gore, Podgorica, Crna Gora + Univerzitet Crne Gore, Podgorica, Crna Gora
e-adresa: damir.pelicic@t-com.me
Sažetak
U ovom radu biće predstavljene informacije iz relevantnih izvora podataka u vezi sa prevencijom ateroskleroze s osvrtom na gojaznost i neadekvatnu ishranu kao faktore rizika za nastanak kardiovaskularnih bolesti (KVB). Svetska zdravstvena organizacija procenjuje da svake godine od KVB umre 17,9 miliona ljudi, što je trećina ukupnog broja umrlih u svetu. KVB su ne samo vodeći uzrok umiranja, nego i obolevanja i nesposobnosti, što ukazuje na njihov veliki javnozdravstveni značaj. Smatra se da je endotelna disfunkcija rana faza ateroskleroze. Ateroskleroza se javlja i kod dece mlađe od 10 godina, dok rizik od ateroskleroze raste sa godinama starosti. Postoji preko 300 faktora povezanih sa aterosklerozom i njenim ključnim komplikacijama, koronarnim oboljenjem srca i moždanim udarom. Najvažniji od njih su gojaznost, fizička neaktivnost, hipertenzija, pušenje, neadekvatna ishrana, abnormalne vrednosti lipida, nasleđe, metabolički sindrom, dijabetes i psihosocijalni faktori. Redukcijom ili eliminacijom svih navedenih faktora rizika može se doprineti smanjivanju rizika od KVB. Neophodna su dalja istraživanja u ovoj oblasti sa ciljem boljeg definisanja nezavisnih faktora rizika za nastanak ateroskleroze i posledičnih KVB.
Abstract
This paper will present information from relevant data sources regarding the prevention of atherosclerosis, focusing on obesity and inadequate nutrition as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The World Health Organization estimates that 17.9 million people die from CVDs each year, equaling a third of the world's death toll. CVDs are not only the leading cause of death but also of illness and disability, which indicates their great public health importance. Endothelial dysfunction is thought to be an early stage of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis also occurs in children under the age of 10, while the risk of atherosclerosis increases with age. There are over 300 factors associated with atherosclerosis and key complications, coronary heart disease, and stroke. The most important of these are obesity, physical inactivity, hypertension, smoking, inadequate diet, abnormal lipid values, heredity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and psychosocial factors. Reducing or eliminating all of these risk factors can help reduce the risk of CVDs. Further research in this area is needed to better define the independent risk factors for atherosclerosis and consequent CVD.
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