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2021, vol. 95, br. 1, str. 33-42
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Glavne karakteristike sprovođenja programa organizovanog skrininga karcinoma grlića materice, karcinoma dojke i kolorektalnog karcinoma u Republici Srbiji
Main characteristics of the organized screening program for cervical cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer in the Republic of Serbia
Sažetak
Cilj ovog rada je deskriptivni pregled specifičnosti programa organizovanog skrininga karcinoma grlića materice, karcinoma dojke i kolorektalnog karcinoma u Republici Srbiji. U ovom istraživanju su korišćeni podaci iz Urebi o Nacionalnom programu ranog otkrivanja karcinoma dojke, karcinoma grlića materice i kolorektalnog karcinoma, kao i publikovani i nepublikovani podaci Instituta za javno zdravlje Srbije. Skrining karcinoma grlića materice, karcinoma dojke i kolorektalnog karcinoma sprovodi se na teritoriji Republike Srbije u vidu organizovanog decentralizovanog programa. Ciljnu populaciju za program skrininga karcinoma grlića materice čine žene starosti 25-64 godine, za program skrininga karcinoma dojke žene 50-69 godina života, a za program skrininga kolorektalnog karcinoma muškarci i žene 50-74 godina života. Za sva tri programa skrininga teži se obuhvatu ciljne populacije testiranjem od najmanje 75%. Ciklus skrininga za program organizovanog skrininga karcinoma grlića materice traje tri godine, a za program organizovanog skrininga karcinoma dojke i kolorektalnog karcinoma dve godine. Skrining test za program organizovanog skrininga karcinoma grlića materice je PAP test, za program organizovanog skrininga karcinoma dojke je mamografija, a za program organizovanog skrininga kolorektalnog karcinoma je imunohistohemijski FOB (fecal occult blood) test. Nosilac sprovođenja organizovanog skrininga karcinoma grlića materice i karcinoma dojke je specijalista ginekologije, a u organizovanom skriningu kolorektalnog karcinoma izabrani lekar, doktor medicine (ili specijalista opšte medicine) u domu zdravlja. Organizovani programi skriniga grlića materice, karcinoma dojke i kolorektalnog karcinoma predstavljaju ključnu aktivnost svih nivoa zdravstvene zaštite za rano otkrivanje, sprečavanje i smanjenje smrtnosti od malignih bolesti. Svi programi deo su kontinuiranih aktivnosti zdravstvene zaštite u Republici Srbiji kao veoma efikasna strategija za kontrolu raka.
Abstract
The paper aims to provide a descriptive, detailed review of the organized screening programs for cervical cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer in the Republic of Serbia. In this research, data from the Regulations on the National Program for Early Detection of Breast Cancer, Cervical Cancer and Colorectal Cancer were used, as well as published and unpublished data from the Institute of Public Health of Serbia. Screening for cervical cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer is carried out on the territory of the Republic of Serbia in the form of an organized decentralized program. Cervical cancer screening program encompasses women aged 25-64 years; the breast cancer screening program covers women aged 50-69 years; and the colorectal cancer screening program is offered to men and women aged 50-74 years. All three screening programs aim to cover at least 75% of the target population. The screening cycle for cervical cancer is three years, and for breast cancer and colorectal cancer, two years. The screening test used in the organized cervical cancer screening program is the PAP test; for breast cancer, the screening methodology relies on mammography; and for colorectal cancer, the screening program involves an immunohistochemical FOB test. Organized screening for cervical and breast cancers are offered through gynaecology specialists, while the organized screening for colorectal cancer is provided through the family physician, a medical doctor (or general medicine specialist) at the health centre. Organized cervical cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer screening programs represent a key activity at all levels of the healthcare system for early detection, prevention and reduction of mortality from malignant diseases. All programs are a part of continual healthcare activities in the Republic of Serbia, as a highly efficient cancer control strategy.
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