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2021, vol. 51, br. 1, str. 63-80
Psihološka nauka od "objavi ili nestani" do "veruj, ali proveri"
Univerzitet u Prištini sa privremenim sedištem u Kosovskoj Mitrovici, Filozofski fakultet, Katedra za psihologiju, Srbija

e-adresaandjela.keljanovic@pr.ac.rs
Ključne reči: replikacija; pristrasnost objavljivanja; psihologija
Sažetak
U vreme kada su socijalni psiholozi verovali da mogu da budu ponosni na svoju disciplinu došlo je do razorne vesti da je Diderik Stapel počinio veliku naučnu prevaru. Ovaj događaj se poklopio sa početkom rasprave o poverenju u psihološke nalaze. Ubrzo je usledio izveštaj serije od 9 studija koje nisu uspele da ponove "profesorsku studiju". Ovi rezultati replikacija bili su zapanjujući zbog ranijih izveštaja o uspešnim replikacijama. Usled postojanja krize poverenja u rezultate istraživanja na terenu, Open Science Collaboration sproveo je nakon toga replikaciju 100 korelacionih i eksperimentalnih studija objavljenih 2008. u časopisima Psychological Science, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology i Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. Od 97% originalnih studija koje su imale pozitivan efekat, replicirano je 36%. Međutim, i njihovi nalazi su dovedeni u pitanje, računanjem Bajesovog faktora. Osim prevara, i upitne istraživačke prakse nastale usled pristrasnosti u objavljivanju koje rezultiraju lažno pozitivnim nalazima podrivaju poverenje u valjanost rezultata psiholoških istraživanja. Možda je najskuplja greška lažno pozitivnih nalaza pogrešno odbacivanje nulte hipoteze. Međutim, da je Stapel (2011) potvrdio nultu hipotezu ili da je Barg (1996) otkrio da primovanje učesnika ne utiče na brzinu hodanja ili da su Dajksterhojs i Van Knipenberg (1998) objavili da učesnici primovani rečju "profesor" nisu poboljšali svoj učinak na zadatku, niko ne bi bio zainteresovan za njihove nalaze. Nulti nalazi su zanimljivi samo ako su u suprotnosti sa glavnom hipotezom izvedenom iz teorije ili su u suprotnosti sa nizom ranijih studija. Činjenica da se dobro eksperimentalno istraživanje obično sprovodi sa ciljem da se testiraju teorije, istraživači nikada ne mogu biti sigurni jesu li odabrali optimalnu operacionalizaciju datog konstrukta. Kako istraživači nikada ne mogu biti sigurni da su pravilno operacionalizovali teorijske konstrukte koje procenjuju i da li su bili uspešni u kontroli trećih varijabli koje mogu biti odgovorne za njihove rezultate, teorija nikada ne može biti dokazana kao istinita.
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O članku

jezik rada: srpski
vrsta rada: pregledni članak
DOI: 10.5937/ZRFFP51-24851
primljen: 17.01.2020.
prihvaćen: 24.03.2021.
objavljen u SCIndeksu: 20.05.2021.
metod recenzije: dvostruko anoniman
Creative Commons License 4.0

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