2008, vol. 42, br. 1-2, str. 11-27
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Pravo na ravnopravnost polova - demokratsko pitanje i ustavni princip
Right to gender equality: A democratic issue and constitutional principles
Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Pravni fakultet, Srbija
Sažetak
Pravo na ravnopravnost polova je jedno od osnovnih opšteljudskih prava. To je demokratsko pitanje i jedna u redu osnovnih vrednosti evropskog kulturnog prostora. Svoju normativnu potvrdu ovo pravo dobilo je u Evropskoj konvenciji o zaštiti ljudskih prava i dokumentima Evropske unije ili Saveta Evrope. U evropskoj ustavnosti, posebno u zemljama tranzicije, beleži se uticaj međunarodnih dokumenata koji regulišu pravo na ravnopravnost polova i propisuju mere za stvaranje povoljnijeg normativnog i institucionalnog okvira koji omogućuje efektivno korišćenje ovih prava. Predmet pažnje u ovom prilogu su najvažnija opšta ustavna načela koja postavljaju okvir za efektivno ostvarivanje prava na ravnopravnost polova.
Abstract
Entitlement to gender equality is one of the basic human rights. It is a democratic issue and it is lined up with basic values of European cultural environment. This right has been legalized in the international documents dealing with human rights. In European constitutionality, particularly in transition countries, the influence of international documents stipulating the entitlement to gender equality is observed, as well as the measures providing for creation of better legislative and institutional framework enabling the utilization of such rights. The subject of this Paper are the most important general constitutional rules providing for the framework for effective realization of right to gender equality, and therein two groups of questions. The first group refers to constitutionally stipulated general framework of guaranteed gender equality including especially the following issues: concept of political community (constitutional state); policy of equal possibilities as the obligation of the state; relationship of international and local laws; immediate application of the Constitution and the International treaties; deviations and limitation of human rights as well as the guarantee of the gained rights. The second group deals with the entitlement to gender equality in the context of basic (constitutional) rights and freedoms and the highlight thereto is the equality of men and women, banning of discrimination, equality of men and women before the law and special measures representing an instrument of equal possibilities policy.
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