2021, vol. 93, br. 1, str. 234-243
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Uslovni otpust - krivičnopravni i krivičnoprocesni aspekti
Release on parole: Aspects of criminal law and procedure
Sažetak
Uslovni otpust datira još od polovine XIX veka i ima svoje korene u progresivnom i irskom sistemu izvršenja kazne lišenja slobode. Naime, treća faza u izvršenju kazne zatvora u progresivnom sistemu je nazvana - uslovni otpust, dok je u irskom sistemu to bila četvrta faza. Irski sistem izvršenja kazne zatvora je bio prihvaćen u velikom broju zemalja, među kojima i u predratnoj Jugoslaviji. Po uzoru na taj sistem je napravljeno nekoliko zatvora u Jugoslaviji - Zenici, Sremskoj Mitrovici, Lepoglavi. Cilj uslovnog otpusta je da se osuđeni dobro vlada za vreme izdržavanja kazne zatvora, da izvršava radne obaveze i da do isteka vremena za koje je izrečena kazna ne učini novo krivično delo, a sve u cilju resocijalizacije osuđenog lica. Zbog toga, proširenje zabrane uslovnog otpusta za određena krivična dela se kosi sa osnovnom svrhom kažnjavanja. Kažnjavanje i izvršenje kazne ne može biti odmazda za učinjeno krivično delo, što bi odgovaralo teoriji zastrašivanja putem izvršenja kazne koja je odavno napuštena i danas je zastupljena moderna teorija o svrsi kažnjavanja, teorija resocijalizacije, koja u prvi plan stavlja individualizaciju kazne lišenja slobode, bitnu za uspešno prevaspitavanje osuđenog lica.
Abstract
Release on parole dates back to the middle of the 19th century and has roots in the progressive and Irish systems for executing punishment regarding persons deprived of liberty. Namely, the third phase in the execution of the sanction of imprisonment in the progressive system is called - release on parole, while it was the fourth phase in the Irish system. The Irish system for executing imprisonment was accepted in a large number of countries, including pre-war Yugoslavia. Modelled on this system, several prisons were created in Yugoslavia - in Zenica, Sremska Mitrovica, and Lepoglava. The purpose of release on parole is for the convicted person to behave properly while serving the imprisonment sentence, fulfil their work obligations, and not commit another criminal act for the duration of the sentence, all with the goal of re-socialization. Consequently, expanding the prohibition on the release on parole for certain criminal offences is contrary to the primary purpose of punishment as prescribed by art. 42, para. 1, point 1 of the Criminal Code; which is preventing the perpetrator from committing criminal acts and influencing them to not commit criminal acts in the future. Sentencing and executing sanctions must not be in retaliation for the acts committed, as it would be aligned with the theory of intimidation by punishment which has long since been abandoned; at present, the modern theory on the purpose of sanctions is widely represented, the theory of re-socialization, which has the individualization of the punishment of deprivation of liberty at the forefront, and that individualization is important to the re-education of the convicted person.
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