2008, vol. 12, br. 4, str. 225-228
|
|
Ujednačavanje fizioloških osobina hibridnog semena kukuruza po osnovi oblika i veličine
Equalization of physiological characteristics of hybrid maize seed related to seed size and shape
aLaboratorija Sirmium-Seme, Sremska Mitrovica
bAgroseme AD Sremska Mitrovica, Sremska Mitrovica
cUniverzitet u Beogradu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Srbija
Sažetak
Cilj dorade hibridnog semena kukuruza jeste da se izvrši maksimalno tehničko ujednačavanje semena prema obliku i veličini uz postizanje visoke klijavosti. Semenski materijal maksimalno ujednačen po fizičko mehaničkim osobinama (oblik, veličina i masa svakog pojedinačnog semena) pogodan je za tačno pakovanje i za sasvim preciznu i pouzdanu setvu. Hibridno seme jedne hibridne kombinacije kukuruza proizvodi se na različitim lokacijama u jednoj godini tj. u svakoj godini. Usled toga, svaki put treba podešavati tehnologiju dorade tako da se uvek dobija dorađen semenski materijal istih osobina semena. U radu su prikazani rezultati dorade hibridnog semena kukuruza dve komercijalne kombinacije proizvedenog na po dve lokacije u istoj godini. Primenjena je podela na četiri frakcije oblika i veličine semena: pljosnato seme (srednje sitno i sitno) i okruglo seme (srednje sitno i sitno). Okruglo seme obuhvata: kugličast oblik, prizmatičan oblik. Izdvojena je i kontrola, nefrakcionisano seme. Utvrđivane su osobine-pokazatelji: čistoća, masa 1000 semena, klijavost (energija klijanja i ukupna klijavost). Ispitivanje klijavosti semena izvršeno je pod standardnim laboratorijskim uslovima. Eksperimentalni podaci obrađeni su kao varijacioni red. Razlike srednjih vrednosti ocenjene su t-testom. Između osobina izračunati su prosti korelacioni koeficijenti. Rezultati pokazuju da se razdvajanjem hibridnog semena kukuruza na frakcije oblika i veličine može ujednačiti klijavost semena u odnosu na kontrolu ali i različito po frakcijama.
Abstract
The aim of hybrid maize seeds processing is to obtain maximal technically possible uniformity of seeds related to their seed shape and size while achieving high germination. The seed material which is maximally uniformed in terms of its physical-mechanical characteristics (shape, size and mass of each individual seed)is suitable for precise packing and for precise and suitable sowing. A hybrid seed of one hybrid combination of maize is produced on different locations in one year, i.e. each year. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust technology of seed processing in order to always obtain the seed material with the same seed characteristics. This paper presents the results of seed processing of a maize hybrid seed composed of two commercial combinations produced on two locations in the same year. The characteristics of seed shape and size are separated into four fractions: flat seed (medium-small and small) and rounded seed (medium-small and small). The rounded seed fraction consists of a ball-shape and prismatic shape seed. A non-fractioned seed, i.e. the control fraction is also provided. The following seed characteristics are determined to be indicators: purity, mass of 1000 seeds, germination (seed germination energy and total germination). Germination testing is performed under standard laboratory conditions. The experimental data are calculated as variation order. Differences among the averages are tested using t-test. Single correlation coefficients are calculated for the characteristics. The results show that by separating the hybrid maize seed to different seed shape and seed size fractions can lead to uniformity of seed germination compared to a control fraction, as well as within the fractions.
|