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2022, vol. 28, br. 2, str. 39-51
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Morfološke osobine biljke i reproduktivna sposobnost semena hajdučke trave (Achillea millefolium L.) u zavisnosti od pedo-ekoloških uslova
Morphological characteristics of the plant and reproductive capacity of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) seeds in dependence on pedo-ecological conditions
aInstitut za proučavanje lekovitog bilja 'Dr Josif Pančić', Beograd, Srbija bInstitut za zemljište, Beograd, Srbija cNaučni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad, Srbija dDirekcija za nacionalne referentne laboratorije, Zemun
e-adresa: vfilipovic@mocbilja.rs
Projekat: Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije (institucija: Institut za proučavanje lekovitog bilja 'Dr Josif Pančić', Beograd) (MPNTR - 451-03-68/2020-14/200003)
Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije (institucija: Institut za zemljište, Beograd) (MPNTR - 451-03-68/2020-14/200011)
Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije (institucija: Naučni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad) (MPNTR - 451-03-68/2020-14/200032)
Sažetak
U radu je analiziran uticaj tipa zemljišta i njegovih agrohemijskih osobina na morfološke i produktivne osobine različitih populacija hajdučke trave (Achillea millefolium L.). Na ukupno 8 lokacija, analizirano je 6 različitih tipova zemljišta sa sledećim parametrima plodnosti: pH (H2 O), pH (KCl), CaCO3 (%), humus (%), ukupni N (%), pristupačni P2 O5 i K2 O (mg 100 g-1 zemljišta). Od morfoloških osobina merene su: visina stabla, broj listova, broj glavica i prečnik glavice, a od produktivnih osobina analizirana je masa sveže nadzemne mase po biljci, prinos sveže nadzemne mase i semena po hektaru i žetveni indeks. Od pokazatelja kvaliteta semena, ispitivani su energija klijanja, ukupna klijavost i masa 1.000 semena. Najveći broj glavica (13,6), prečnik glavica (1,9 cm) i prinos semena (386,0 kg ha-1) imala je populacija hajdučke trave sa lokacije Pančevo (Am1). U ovoj varijanti dobijeno je seme sa najvećom energijom klijanja (48,8%) i ukupnom klijavošću (53,4%). Populacija na ovoj lokaciji, po prinosu sveže nadzemne mase bila je na drugom mestu (15.604,0 kg ha-1). Najveći prinos sveže nadzemne mase dobijen je u varijanti Am5 (lokacija Starčevo "rit"). Najmanje vrednosti morfoloških i produktivnih vrednosti i najslabiji kvalitet semena imale su biljke hajdučke trave poreklom sa zemljišta manje prirodne plodnosti i zemljišta koja se nalaze u urbanim zonama.
Abstract
The paper analyzes the influence of soil type and its agrochemical characteristics on the morphological and productive parameters of different yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) populations. At 8 locations the following fertility parameters were analyzed: pH (H2 O), pH (KCl), CaCO3 (%), humus (%), total N (%), available P2 O5 and K2 O (mg 100 g-1 soil). From the morphological parameters, the following were measured: plant height, number of leaves, number and diameter of the head, from the productive parameters, the fresh above-ground masses per plant, the fresh above-ground masses and seeds yield per hectare and the harvest index were analyzed. Among the quality parameters of yarrow seeds, germination energy, total germination and weight of 1,000 seeds were examined. The largest number of heads (13.6), a diameter of heads (1.9 cm) and seed yield (386.0 kg ha-1) had the population of yarrow from the location Pančevo (Am1). In this variant, seeds with the highest germination energy (48.8%) and total germination (53.4%) were obtained. The population in this locality was in second place in fresh above-ground masses yield (15,604.0 kg ha-1). The highest fresh above-ground masses yield per hectare, was obtained in variant Am5 (location Starčevo "rit"). The lowest values of morphological and productive parameters and the weakest quality of seeds were found in the yarrow plants originating from soils with less natural fertility and soils located in urban areas.
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