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2021, vol. 25, br. 1, str. 28-31
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Procena kvaliteta hibridnog semena kukuruza prema obliku i veličini semena
Quality assessment of hybrid maize seeds according to their shape and size
aInstitut za kukuruz 'Zemun polje', Beograd-Zemun, Srbija bInstitut za zaštitu bilja i životnu sredinu, Beograd, Srbija
e-adresa: mtabakovic@mrizp.rs
Sažetak
Seme kukuruza odlikuje se raznovrsošću oblika i veličina, koje po srednoilineposrednoutičuna fiziološke osobine. Ciljrada je bio da se utvrdi značaj oblika i veličine semenana energiju I klijavost semena. U ogledu kao semenski material korišćeno je osam hibrida (ZP196, ZP260, ZP341, ZP360, ZP434, ZP 677, ZP684, ZP704. U laboratorijskim uslovima posmatrane su osobine oblika i veličine seme. Izvojeno je četiri frakcija SP. SO. SSP, SSO. Od osobina određena je masa semena, energija klijanja, klijavost. Genotip i frakcija semena imale su značajnog uticaja na varijansu formiranja mase semena R2 ≥0,911, dok za energiju i klijavost značaj ovih faktora je Mali sa koeficijentom determinacije R2 ≤0,129 odnosnoR2 ≤0,298. Struktura semena na klipu podeljena u frakcije ukazuje na veće prisustvo sinih frakcija u odnosu na srednje sitne, a po obliku ujenačenije su pljosnate frakcije, izmeđukojih ne postoji statistička značajnost. Energija klijanja i klijavost semena kod svih veličina i oblika semena je visoka iznad 95%. Najmanja energija i klijavost je za seme SO (94,2; 95,1), a najveća za seme SSP (97,1;98,0).Istraživanja su pokazala da podele semena po frakcijama ima značaja radi ujednačavanja semenskog materijala i jedan je od osnovnih uslova za dobru semensku i merkantilnu proizvodnju. Naročito je značajno u prvim fazama razvitka klijanaca, što kasnije ima uticaja na prinos useva.
Abstract
Maize seed is characterised by a variety of shapes and sizes, which directly or indirectly affect physiological properties. The aim of the present study was to establish the significance of the seed shape and size on the first count and germination. The following eight hybrids were used as a seed material in the trial: ZP196, ZP260, ZP341, ZP360, ZP434, ZP677, ZP684 and ZP704. The traits of seed shape and size were observed under laboratory conditions. The seed mass, the first count and germination were determined. The genotype and the seed fraction significantly affected the variance of seed mass formation, R2≥0,911, while the significance of these factors for the first count and germination was small with the coefficient of determination of R2≤0.129 and≤0.298, respectively. The first count and germination were high (above 95%) in all sizes and all shapes of seeds. The lowest first count and germination were detected in SO (94.2; 95.1, respectively), while the highest values were determined in SSP (97.1; 98.0, respectively). The importance of seed germination was determined by the analysis of variance (p<0.05).
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