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2020, vol. 9, br. 2, str. 39-64
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O teološko-filozofskim učenjima mutazilitske škole
On theological-philosophical teachings of the Mu'tazilite school
Sažetak
Rad razmatra nekoliko pitanja koja su bila u žiži interesovanja najznačajnijih predstavnika mutazilitske škole. Riječ je o konceptu apsolutne transcendencije Boga pri čemu se iznose racionalni argumenti. Transcendencija Boga postaje i centralno teološko-filozofsko pitanje kod Ebu Huzejla, Vasila Ibn Ate, Džubaija, Nazama, Ebu Hašima i drugih. Čitava teorija mutazilija o božijim svojstvima, modusima ili stanjima u funkciji je dokazivanja božije transcendencije i ideje stvaranja koja je zaodjenuta filozofskom formom. Ove teorije ne mogu se valjano izvesti ako se ne apstrahuje pojam jednosti Boga (tavhid). Ovom pojmu mutazilije pridodaju još jednu kategoriju koja ima metafizičko značenje, a to je božija pravda, koju dovode u vezu sa etičkim konceptima, odnosno sa slobodom i odgovornošću čovjeka.
Abstract
The paper discusses several issues that were in the centre of interest of the most important representatives of the Mu'tazilite school. It is a concept of God's absolute transcendence presented through rational arguments. The transcendence of God also becomes a central theological-philosophical question in Abu Hudayl, Vasil Ibn Ata, Jubai, Nazzam, Abu Hashim and others. The whole theory of Mu'tazilites about divine properties, modes, or states functions as proof of divine transcendence and the idea of creation clothed in philosophical form. These theories cannot be validly formed unless the notion of the oneness of God (tawhid) is abstracted. Mu'tazilites add another category to this notion, which has a metaphysical meaning, and that is divine justice, which they relate to ethical concepts, that is, to man's freedom and responsibility.
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