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Semantičko polje ljudska stanja i emocije u francuskim i srpskim frazemima sa nazivima ptica
The semantic field human states and emotions in French and Serbian phrasemes with birds' names
Projekat: Ovo istraživanje finansijski je podržalo Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije
Rad je nastao u okviru naučnoistraživačkog projekta Romanistika i slovenski jezici, književnosti i kulture u kontaktu i diskontaktu (br.81/1-17-8-01) koji finansiraju Filozofski fakultet Univerziteta u Nišu, AUF Agence universitaire de la francophonie i Ambasada Republike Francuske u Srbiji Ambassade de France en Serbie
Sažetak
U radu se kontrastivnim pristupom analiziraju francuski i srpski frazemi s imenima ptica s ciljem da se pokažu sve sličnosti i razlike koje se javljaju na semantičkom i lingvokulturološkom planu. Predmet istraživanja čine frazemi čiji su konstituenti nazivi za domaće i divlje ptice (caille, canard, cane, coq, dindon, épervier, grive, linotte, merle, merlette, oiseau, pie, pinson, poule, poulet d'Inde, poussin, vrabac, vrana, gavran, golub, guska, ždral, živina, kokoš(ka), kukavica, patka, pile, prepelica, ptica, ševa). Razlog odabira ovih zoonimskih komponenti zasniva se na činjenici da veliki broj ptica živi u najneposrednijoj blizini čoveka i vekovima je prisutan u njegovoj svakodnevici, te da su njihova imena ušla u sastav niza frazema kako u francuskom, tako i u srpskom jeziku. Rad doprinosi boljem sagledavanju rekonstrukcije jezičke slike sveta u svesti francuskih i srpskih govornika kao i prirode njihovog odnosa prema konceptima iskazanim frazemima s nazivima ptica koji pripadaju semantičkom polju LjUDSKA STANjA I EMOCIJE. Polazeći od lingvokulturološkog modela A. Vježbicke (A. Wierzbicka) i Klajberove (Kleiber) teorije o semantičkim poljima analiziranu građu smo razvrstali u 15 semantičkih potpolja u zavisnosti od toga na koji koncept upućuju: TUGA, SREĆA, NESREĆA, INDIFERENTNOST, LjUBAV, SLOBODA, POTIŠTENOST, ZBUNjENOST, SVAĐA, GUBITAK RAZUMA, UPLAŠENOST, PIJANSTVO, STANjE SMRTI, MATERIJALNO STANjE ČOVEKA, BRAČNO STANjE ČOVEKA.
Abstract
In this article are analysed French and Serbian phrasemes with names of birds by using the contrastive approach in order to show all the similarities and differences that appear on semantic and linguocultural plan. The subject of our research consists of French and Serbian phrasemes that have names of domestic and wild birds (caille, canard, cane, coq, dindon, épervier, grive, linotte, merle, merlette, oiseau, pie, pinson, poule, poulet d'Inde, poussin, vrabac, vrana, gavran, golub, guska, ždral, živina, kokoš(ka), kukavica, patka, pile, prepelica, ptica, ševa). The reason for choosing these zoonymic components is based on the fact that many birds live in close human neighbourhood and they are present for centuries in his everyday life, so the birds' names have become the part of phrasemes in French and in Serbian language. The study provides a better view of the reconstruction of the linguistic image of the world in the minds of French and Serbian speakers, as well as the nature of their relationship to the concepts presented by the phrasemes with the names of birds belonging to the semantic field HUMAN STATES AND EMOTIONS. By relying on linguocultural method of A. Wierzbicka and Kleiber's theory of semantic fields we classified the analysed corpus among 15 semantic subfields depending on the concept that they represent: SADNESS, HAPPINESS, UNHAPPINESS, INDIFFERENCE, LOVE, FREEDOM, DISCOURAGEMENT, CONFUSION, DISPUTE, LOSS OF MIND, FEAR, DRUNKENNESS, STATE OF DEATH, MAN'S FINANCIAL SITUATION, MAN'S MARITAL STATUS.
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