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2023, vol. 48, br. 1, str. 1-15
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Efekti različitih tretmana zemljišta na prinos useva u Jugoistočnoj Nigeriji
The effects of various soil treatments on crop yield in Southeastern Nigeria
Sažetak
U ovoj studiji, PVC sistem za navodnjavanje kap po kap je dizajniran zbog istraživanja uticaja različitih tretmana zemljišta na prinos useva, koristeci kao test usev određenu sortu kukuruza Oba Super 13. Ogled je postavljen na tri osnovne parcele, od kojih svaka ima drugačiji metod obrade zemljišta i različita tretiranja useva kukuruza. Svaka parcela ima tri nivoa svakog od tri ispitivana tretmana zemljišta: deficit navodnjavanja, metodu obrade zemljišta i procenat primene đubriva NPK, što znači ima ukupno 27 različitih načina tretiranja useva . Tri tretmana upravljanja sa navodnjavanjem kod 50%, 30% i 10% dozvoljene potrošnje vode. Tipovi obrade zemljišta su: konvencionalna, konzervacijska i tretman bez obrade zemljišta. Primene NPK bile su: 400 kg/ha, 500 kg/ha, i 600 kg/ha (kg ha -1). Za eksperimentalno dizajniranje ovog ogleda upotrebljen je Central Composite Design (CCD) sa programom Design Expert 11. Utvrđen je prinos za sve podparcele, gde je maksimalni prinos useva od 2540 kg/ha dobijen pri konzervacijskoj obradi sa tretmanom 10%MAD i 600 kg/ha NPK. Minimalna obrada zemljišta imala je prinos 1234,67 kg/ha, bez obrade zemljišta, 50%MAD i primenjenom dozom od 400 kg/ha NPK. Kontrolisani promenljivi parametri ogleda su optimizovani korišcenjem metodologije kontrolne površine (RSM) sa prinosom useva za sve podparcele. Optimalne vrednosti na osnovu ciklusa pokazuje deficit navodnjavanja od 11,594%, dozu primene NPK 596,406 kg/ha, dok je najbolja metoda obrade konzervacijska obrada zemljišta sa prinosom useva 2.543,589 kg/ha. Najveci prinos kukuruza je dobijen sa konzervacijskim načinom obrade zemljišta i rezultati potvrđuju održivost dobijanja visokog prinosa na ispitivanom području korišcenjem sistema za navodnjavanje kap po kap tokom sušne sezone.
Abstract
In this study, a PVC drip irrigation system was designed to investigate the effect of different soil treatments on crop yield, using Oba Super 13 maize variety as test crop, on three major plots, each representing a different tillage method. Each plot has three levels of each of the three soil treatments involved including irrigation deficit, tillage method and NPK Application rate, totaling 27 subplots. The three levels of irrigation treatments were 50%, 30% and 10% management allowable depletion levels; tillage treatments were conventional tillage, conservative tillage and no tillage methods, while the NPK application treatments were 400 kg/ha, 500 kg/ha and 600 kg/ha rates, and experimentally designed using the Central Composite Design (CCD) in Design Expert 11 software. The crop yield for all the subplots were determined, and maximum crop yield of 2540 kg/ha was obtained at conservative tillage with 10%MAD, and 600 kg/ha NPK application rate, while minimum tillage of 1234.67 kg/ha was obtained at no tillage, 50%MAD and 400 kg/ha NPK application rate. Controllable variables were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) with crop yield for all the subplots. The optimum values based on the run gave irrigation deficit as 11.594%, NPK Application rate as 596.406 kg/ha, best tillage method as conservative tillage, crop yield of 2543.589 kg/ha. The highest maize yield was obtained in conservative tillage and the results confirm the viability of obtaining high yield in the study area using drip irrigation system during the dry season.
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