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2015, vol. 60, br. 1, str. 11-22
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Osobine zemljišta i prinos useva pri različitim načinima obrade za gajenje uljane repice u pirinčanim poljima
Soil properties and crop yield under different tillage methods for rapeseed cultivation in paddy fields
Projekat: 'Investigating different tillage methods in rapeseed cultivation after rice harvesting' with approval number of 1182079032 supported by Agricultural Engineering Research Institute and Rice Research Institute of Iran
Sažetak
Dvogodišnje istraživanje je sprovedeno kako bi se ispitao uticaj različitih načina obrade na neke fizičke osobine zemljišta i prinos useva prilikom gajenja uljane repice posle žetve pirinča. Pet tretmana obrade: (I) obrada kultivatorom, jednom na dubini od 10 do 15 cm (T1), (II) obrada kultivatorom, dva puta na dubini od 10 do 15 cm (T2), (III) oranje raoničnim plugom na dubini od 25 cm + obrada kultivatorom, jednom na dubini od 10 do 15 cm (T3), (IV) direktna setva posle uklonjenih žetvenih ostataka sa polja (T4), i (V) direktna setva bez uklanjanja žetvenih ostataka (T5). Ogledi su postavljeni po planu potpuno slučajnog blok sistema (RCBD) u tri ponavljanja. Dvogodišnji rezultati su pokazali da su načini obrade imali značajan uticaj (p<0,01) na promene vrednosti zapreminske mase zemljišta, površinske ostatke posle obrade, suvu masu korova, klijanje semena, i prinos zrna. Kod tretmana T2 i T3 zabeležen je značajan pad zapreminske mase u poređenju sa ostalim tretmanima za dubine obrade od 15 do 30 cm. Prilikom tretmana T1, T2, T3 i T4 ostaje manje žetvenih ostataka na površini zemljišta posle obrade u poređenju sa tretmanom T5 čak do 35,37, 50,71, 69,92, odnosno 75,75%. Najveća suva masa korova izmerena je u tretmanu T5 (71,48 g m-2), a minimalna masa izmerena je u tretmanu T3 (37,50 g m-2). U tretmanima obrade T2 i T3 seme je klijalo za kraće vreme (6,4 dana u proseku) u odnosu na ostale ispitivane tretmane. Najviši i najniži prinosi zrna su dobijeni kod tretmana T3 (1,571 kg ha-1) odnosno T5 (1,339 kg ha-1). Statistički posmatrano, nije bilo značajne razlike između tretmana T1 (1,432 kg ha-1) i T2 (1,537 kg ha-1) u odnosu na tretman T3 u pogledu prinosa zrna.
Abstract
A two-year research was conducted to investigate the effect of different tillage methods on some soil physical characteristics and crop yield in rapeseed cultivation after rice harvesting. Five tillage treatments including: (I) using rotavator, once to depth of 10-15 cm (T1), (II) using rotavator, twice to depth of 10-15 cm (T2), (III) using moldboard plow to depth of 25 cm + rotavator, once to depth of 10-15 cm (T3), (IV) no-till planting through removing rice stubbles from plots (T4), and (V) no-till planting without removing rice stubbles from plots (T5), were evaluated under randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replications. The biannual results revealed that the effect of tillage methods was significant (p<0.01) on soil bulk density, surface residues after tillage, dry mass of weeds, seed germination, and grain yield. T2 and T3 made considerable reduction in soil bulk density compared to other treatments for the 15- to 30-cm tillage depths. In T1, T2, T3, and T4, surface residues after tillage decreased in comparison with T5 by up to 35.37, 50.71, 69.92, and 75.75%, respectively. Having 71.48 g m-2, T5 had the maximum dry mass of weeds while T3 had the minimum one with 37.50 g m-2. Means comparison represented that in T2 and T3, seed germination reached the shortest length of 6.4 days in average. The highest and lowest grain yields were acquired in T3 (1,571 kg ha-1) and T5 (1,339 kg ha-1), respectively. Statistically, there was no significant difference between T1 (1,432 kg ha-1) and T2 (1,537 kg ha-1) compared with T3 in terms of grain yield.
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