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2014, vol. 40, br. 3, str. 161-172
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Postprocesna analiza podataka otpora vuče raonog pluga sa aspekta odabira adekvatne frekvencije merenja
Postprocess analisys of plow draf with respect to optimal measuring frequency
aUniverzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Srbija bUniverzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet, Srbija cTRCpro, Petrovaradin
e-adresa: markok@polj.uns.ac.rs
Projekat: Unapređenje kvaliteta traktora i mobilnih sistema u cilju povećanja konkurentnosti, očuvanja zemljišta i životne sredine (MPNTR - 31046)
Sažetak
U ovom radu je predstavljen novi uređaj za merenje vučnih otpora na vučenim, nošenim i polunošenim mašina za obradu kategorije II i III. Test je sproveden u poljskim uslovima tokom osnovne obrade raonim plugom. Cilj testa bio je potvrda pouzdanosti sistema i analiza metoda merenja sa aspekta frekvencije merenja. Tokom testa korišćen je trobrazni plug radnog zahvata 1,05 m na dubini obrade od 0,25 m i traktor neto snage od 60 kW. Merenje otpora vuče je rađeno u 19 prohoda dužine 400 m od kojih su 17 urađena na delu parcele koji nije obrađen, a 2 prohoda na prethodno plitko obrađenom delu parcele sa diskosnom tanjiračom. Na neobrađenom delu parcele najmanja srednja vrednost otpora bila je 17,36 kN koja je dobijena u prvom prohodu, dok je najveća vrednost od 19,94 kN dobijena u osmom prohodu. Standardna devijacija otpora vuče bila je najveća u prvom prohodu (3,31 kN) a rezultati ostalih prohoda ukazuju na veliku bliskost u ovom parametru koji ide od 1,58 kN u 16. prohodu do 2,38 kN u 15. prohodu. Kao što se i očekivalo, niže vrednosti sile otpora vuče snimljene su na obrađenom delu parcele (15,33 kN u prvom prohodu i 16,03 kN u drugom prohodu). Procenjena vrednost sile otpora za dubinu obrade plugom od 0,25 cm, radnu brzinu od 1,8 m/s i mehanički sastav parcele je 17,9 kN što je skoro jednako prosečnoj vrednosti sile otpora od 17,4 kN dobijene merenjem. Primenjeni metod merenja je proveravan poređenjem podataka dobijenih pri frekvenciji merenja (100 Hz) i simuliranim uzorcima. Simulacijom se postigao efekat merenja otpora vuče sa nižim frekvencijama s namerom da se odredi odgovarajuća frekvencija merenja za date uslove. Postupak simulacije je obavljen na taj način što su uzorci smanjivani po sistemu sistematskog uzorkovanja iz osnovnog skupa i međusobnim poređenjem srednjih vrednosti. Rezultati analize poređenja originalnih i simuliranih podataka pokazuju da nema statistički značajne razlike što govori o tome da je frekvencija merenja od 100 Hz bila prekomerna za uslove testiranja. Analiza spektralnih karakteristika signala u realnom vremenu potvrđuju rezultate analize 'simuliranog uzorka' koji jasno pokazuje da su frekvencije otpora u opsegu do 5 Hz.
Abstract
This paper presents testing of a new three-point-hitch system for measuring draft of tillage implements of II and III category. The tests were performed in both laboratory and field conditions in order to confirm the reliability of the measuring system and to analyze the measuring method from the aspect of sampling frequency. Field testing was performed in 19 passings which were 400 m long, out of which 17 were on the part of the plot that was not tilled and 2 were on the part of the plot where shallow tillage was previously performed with a disc harrow. On the untilled part of the plot, the lowest average value of draft was 17,36 kN measured in the first passing, and the highest draft of 19,94 kN was recorded in the eighth passing. Standard deviation of draft was the biggest in the first passing (3,31 kN) and the results for the rest of the passings showed similarities in this parameter with values ranging from 1,58 kN in the 16 th to 2,38 kN in the 15 th passing. As it was expected, some lower values of draft were recorded in the tilled part of the plot (15,33 kN in the first and 16,03 kN in the second passing) in comparison to the untilled part. The estimated draft force at a depth of 0,25 m, working speed of 1,8 m s -1 and soil texture was 17,9 kN, which was almost the same as the average value of 17,4 kN. Measuring method was checked based on the frequency of sensor readings and it was done on the simulated samples. Simulation was used to produce the effect of less frequent measuring in order to determine whether the selected frequency (100 Hz) was satisfactory. The simulation process was carried out by reducing the sample size and comparing the draft. The results and analyses of comparison of original and simulated data showed no statistical differences, thus proving the measuring frequency to be more than sufficient for the testing conditions. Joint-time-frequency analysis of the signal in a real time conditions confirmed the results of analysis of 'simulated samples' which clearly showed that spectral densities were at frequencies of up to 5 Hz.
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