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2021, vol. 60, br. 1, str. 13-18
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Trend incidencije raka jajnika u Nišavskom okrugu
Ovarian cancer incidence trend in the Nišava District
aUniverzitet u Nišu, Medicinski fakultet + Institut za javno zdravlje Niš, Niš bInstitut za javno zdravlje Niš, Niš cUniverzitet u Nišu, Medicinski fakultet
e-adresa: biljaizzz@yahoo.com
Sažetak
Rak jajnika je na trećem mestu u svetu po učestalosti i bolest je sa najvećim letalitetom među ginekološkim malignitetima. Cilj rada bio je da se analizira trend incidencije raka jajnika u Nišavskom okrugu u periodu od 1999. godine do 2017. godine. Primenjen je deskriptivni epidemiološki metod. Izvor podataka bili su Registar za rak Instituta za javno zdravlje Niš i Populacioni registar za rak Srbije. Izračunavan je linearni trend nestandardizovanih i standardizovanih stopa incidencije (na 100.000 žena). Standardizacija je vršena direktnom metodom. U strukturi svih malignih bolesti žena, rak jajnika čini 5,1% sa 791 novoregistrovanim slučajem. Bolest se ne registruje u uzrastu pre 15. godine. Registruje se statistički značajan porast trenda sa uzrastom. Prosečna godišnja nestandardizovana stopa incidencije iznosi 22,0 žene od 100.000 žena, dok standardizovana iznosi 13,3 žena od 100.000 žena. Najviša standardizovana stopa incidencije zabeležena je 2016. godine (20,4), a najniža 2020. godine (10,1). Registruje se porast trenda nestandardizovanih i standardizovanih stopa incidencije. Najviša standardizovana stopa incidencije beleži se u opštinama Svrljig (18,4) i Gadžin Han (14,0) a najniža u opštinama Merošina (7,4) i Doljevac (9,0). Registrovanje nepovoljnog trenda incidencije ovog oboljenja ukazuje na nedovoljno sprovođenje mera primarne i sekundarne prevencije u ranijem periodu, te je neophodno intenzivnije i obuhvatnije sprovoditi ove aktivnosti, koje će redukovati faktore rizika i omogućiti rano otkrivanje bolesti.
Abstract
Ovarian cancer represents the third most common gynecological cancer worldwide, and the most lethal one. The aim of the study was to assess ovarian cancer incidence trend in the Nišava District in the period 1999-2017. Descriptive epidemiological method was applied. Data used for analyses were provided by the Cancer Register of the Institute of Public Health Niš and from the Serbian Cancer Registry. Incidence trends were based on crude and age-standardized incidence rates, calculated by the direct method of standardization per 100,000. Ovarian cancer represented 5.1% of all new registered malignant diseases in females with a total of 791 new cases. There were no cases of ovarian cancer registered in females before the age of 15. A statistically significant increasing trend with aging was registered. The average annual crude incidence rate was 22.0/100,000, while the average age-standardized incidence rate was 13.3/100,000. The highest age-standardized incidence rate was registered in 2016 (20.4), while the lowest rate was reported in 2002 (10.1). Ovarian cancer incidence trend, based on crude incidence rates, as well as on age-standardized incidence rates, increased. The highest age-adjusted incidence rates were in the municipalities of Svrljig (18.4) and Gadžin Han (14.0) and the lowest in the municipalities of Merošina (7.4) and Doljevac (9.0). Registration of unfavorable incidence trends of the disease indicate failure in the primary and secondary prevention in the past. It is of vital importance to provide more intensive and comprehensive activities that may lead to the reduction of risk factors and to early detection of the disease.
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