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2022, vol. 17, br. 1, str. 219-236
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Analiza ekonomskih performansi i konkurentnosti zemalja Evropske unije
Analysis of the economic performance and competitiveness of the European Union countries
aMinistry of Education, Science and Sport, Ljubljana, Slovenia bUniversity of Primorska, Faculty of Management, Koper, Slovenia
e-adresa: stefan.bojnec@fm-kp.si
Sažetak
Osnovna svrha ove studije je da identifikuje dinamiku ekonomskih performansi i konkurentnosti u zemljama Evropske unije (EU-28) i njihove konvergencije u dva perioda, 2008-2015 i 2015-2019. Komparativna analiza se koristi za odgovor na istraživačko pitanje uz primenjenu hijerarhijsku klaster analizu, Vordovu metodu i t-test za testiranje postavljene hipoteze. Korišćeni su podaci Evrostata (Eurostat) i Svetskog ekonomskog foruma (World Economic Forum) za period 2008-2019. Empirijski rezultati su potvrdili našu hipotezu da postoje konvergencije u ključnim pokazateljima otvorenosti trgovine, izvoza kao % bruto domaćeg proizvoda (BDP), tržišnih udela kao % u svetskoj trgovini, BDP po glavi stanovnika i globalnog indeksa konkurentnosti. Studija doprinosi empirijskoj analizi postojanja konvergencija u grupi indikatora ekonomskog učinka, trgovinske otvorenosti i globalne konkurentnosti zemalja EU-28. Formirani su zajednički klasteri, a postavljena hipoteza je testirana u pogledu konvergencije zemalja EU-28 pomoću hijerarhijske klaster analize. Otvorenost trgovine i učešće izvoznog tržišta u svetskoj trgovini, kao i konkurentnost zemalja EU-28 važni su za trgovinske politike koje unapređuju globalnu konkurentnost i poboljšavaju konvergencije u heterogenosti među zemljama EU.
Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to identify the dynamics of economic performance and competitiveness in the European Union (EU-28) countries and their convergences over the two periods, 2008-2015 and 2015-2019. The comparative analysis is used to answer the research question with applied the hierarchical cluster analysis, Ward's method, and t-test to test the set hypothesis. Eurostat and World Economic Forum data were used for the period 2008-2019. The empirical results confirmed our hypothesis that there are convergences in the key indicators of trade openness, exports as % of gross domestic product (GDP), market shares as % in world trade, GDP per capita, and global competitiveness index. The study contributes to the empirical analysis on the existence of convergences in a group of indicators of economic performance, trade openness, and global competitiveness of the EU-28 countries. The common clusters were formed, and the set hypothesis was tested regarding the convergences of the EU-28 countries by means of a hierarchical cluster analysis. Trade openness and export market shares in world trade, and competitiveness of EU28 countries are important for trade policies improving global competitiveness and improving convergences in the heterogeneity among the EU countries.
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