Many analysts in the country and abroad pose, not without a good reason, an essential question: What is a priority Serbian national interest today? Is it the preservation of the country's territorial integrity, or accession to European integrations? Judging from the national strategic documents in the area of security, the preservation of the territorial integrity, including the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija within the Republic of Serbia, is a vital national interest, and the integration of the Republic of Serbia into the European Union is an important foreign policy goal. Following this conclusion, an essential question is posed: Are Serbian strategic interests equivalent to the European strategic interests? A comparative analysis of strategic documents adopted in the area of security in the Republic of Serbia since 2000 until today, makes it possible to draw a conclusion on a convergence of security interests and goals of the Republic of Serbia and the European Union. However, in contrast to other countries of the region, the Republic of Serbia is faced with another particular question: Can this country remain militarily neutral if its citizens accept the spirit and letter of the European Union's Foreign, Security, and Defense Policy and the European Security Strategy, and consequently commit themselves to pursue joint European security policy and to take part in civilian and military arrangements of EU forces? Proceeding from the analysis of the existing strategic documents in the area of security in the Republic of Serbia and the European Union, the author of this paper is searching for an answer to the questions posed, reviewing also the achieved level of cooperation of the Republic of Serbia with the institutions of the European Union in the area of security.