2021, vol. 46, iss. 4, pp. 97-120
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Crop-machinery management system for field operations and adopted planning techniques for plantation sugar cane production
Sistem upravljanja usevom - mašine za terenske operacije i usvojene tehnike planiranja za proizvodnju šećerne trske
Federal University of Agriculture, Agricultural and Bio-resources Engineering Department, Abeokuta, Nigeria
email: alexadisa@yahoo.co.uk
Project: Projekat African Centre of Excellence in Agricultural Development and Sustainable Environment (CAEDESE), Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria, je finansirala 2018. godine Svetska banka sa nazivom Flour Mills Nigeria Plc, Sunti Golden Sugar Company, Nigeria.
Abstract
Major objectives of farm mechanization are to maximize production at minimum risks and optimum cost of equipment usage by good management planning and operation of machines to carry out sequence crop production operations for the whole farming system. Hence this study was needed at Sunti Golden Sugar Company, Nigeria to determine cost of equipment use and select appropriate tractor power and machinery for the crop cultivation, crop establishment, weed control, cane harvesting and transporting to the store for post-harvest processing for future target of 4,770 ha of sugar cane farm. Based on agricultural farm size, field operational planning factors like soil, weather/environmental conditions, each implement matched with appropriate tractor size was calculated. Costs of equipment use, ownership and operational costs for implements and tractors were also calculated. A well-drawn cropping field operations calendar was very important for crop and operational sequencing was recommended and was put in-place since the operations overlaps with multi-periods. As part of the recommendation, during the planned equipment downtime, major repairs and maintenance were to be carried out before critical field operation's period to improve pre-field and in-field efficiency for effective equipment and field operational planning and management. Determined are the values of each implement field capacity within allotted time available, actual number of implement/tractor power required, fuel and oil consumption per unit time for the sugar cane cultivation, harvesting and transporting operations at the sugar cane farm. Also appropriate earth-moving and earthwork equipment for road, irrigation and drainage structural works were also selected.
Sažetak
Glavni ciljevi mehanizacije farme su maksimiziranje proizvodnje uz minimalne rizike i optimalnu cenu korišćenja mehanizacije i opreme dobrim planiranjem upravljanja i radom mašina za obavljanje pojedinih operacija proizvodnje useva za kompletan sistem . Zbog toga je ova studija bila potrebna kompaniji Sunti Golden Sugar u Nigeriji, da se u budućnosti utvrde na površini farme od 4.770 ha troškovi korišćenja opreme i odgovarajuća snaga traktora sa mašinama za gajenje i negu šećerne trske, kontrolu korova, žetvu trske i transport posle žetve do skladišta i postrojenja za preradu.. Na osnovu veličine/površine farme, faktora operativnog planiranja na terenu kao što su zemljište, vremenske prilike/uslovi okoline, predviđena je svaka priključna mašina koja je usklađena sa odgovarajućom snagom traktora. Takođe su izračunati troškovi korišćenja za priključne mašine i traktor. Prikazan je kalendar svih tehnoloških operacija u polju sa šećernom trskom, koji je veoma važan za useve, a operativni redosled je preporučen i postavljen da se tehnološke operacije ne preklapaju u toku perioda gajenja useva. Kao deo preporuke, tokom planiranih zastoja mašina, treba uraditi eventualne velike popravke i održavanje mašina pre perioda kritičnih tehnoloških operacija gajenja šećerne trske na terenu kako bi se poboljšala efikasnost planiranja i upravljanja mašinama i opremom u radu. Utvrđene se vrednosti: učinka svake mašine u okviru predviđenog raspoloživog vremena, stvarno potrebna snaga traktora, potrošnja goriva i ulja po jedinici vremena za uzgoj šećerne trske, žetvu i transport. Takođe su odabrane potrebne odgovarajuće mašine i oprema za sve dodatne radove sa zemljištem: na putevima, za navodnjavanje ili drenažu.
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