2010, vol. 62, br. 1, str. 354-373
|
Vahabizam - radikalni islamistički pokret
Wahhabism: Radical Islamic movement
Ministarstvo odbrane Republike Srbije + Vojna akademija
Sažetak
Vahabizam i salafizam su uticajni verski pokreti u okviru sunitskog ogranka islama, koji od muslimana zahtevaju da se vrate islamskim principima i praksi, kakvi su postojali u vreme Božjeg poslanika Muhameda i 'Pobožnih predaka' (Salaf al Salih) iz prve tri generacije muslimana. Prema vahabitskim gledištima, originalna islamska učenja treba da budu očišćena od svih inovacija, revizija, devijacija ili politeizma, koji su u proteklim vekovima postepeno zamaglili Kuran i Sunu. Muhamed ibn Abdel-Vahab, utemeljivač vahabitskog pokreta, tvrdio je da je obaveza muslimana iz Arabije (kolevke islama), da se suprotstave stranim uticajima, pre svega persijskim (šiitskim) i turskim (sufijskim) devijacijama istinske islamske vere. Suština učenja šeiha Al Vahaba - vahabizam je specifičan oslo- bodilački pokret u prvim godinama 19. veka kada je počela (arapska) pobuna protiv Osmanlijske sile. Osama bin Laden i Al Kai- da obeležili su početak 21. veka terorističkim napadima i po- kazali su bezobzirnost asimetričnog rata. Vahabizam je zvanično (državno) i dominantno versko učenje u Saudijskoj Arabiji i Kataru. Postao je globalni fenomen i može se očekivati njegovo dalje postepeno jačanje i, verovatno, njegova ekspanzija. Kada je reč o Balkanu, vahabiti su prisutni u Albaniji (verovatno centar vahabizma je na južnom Balkanu), Bosni i Hercegovini (po- stoje mnogi pokazatelji prisustva i uticaja vahabizma), Srbiji (uglavnom u pokrajini Kosovo i Metohija, kao i u Raškoj oblasti, odnosno onom delu koji se nalazi u Srbiji), Crnoj Gori (više u severnom delu), Makedoniji, Bugarskoj i Hrvatskoj. Prodori vahabita na Balkan bili su najintenzivniji preko islamskih centara, islamskih škola, islamskih humanitarnih i dobrotvornih organizacija. Vahabitski prozelitizam utemeljen je na infiltraciji, indoktrinaciji i finansijskoj podršci.
Abstract
Wahhabism and Salafism are influential religious movements within the Sunni branch of Islam, which request the Muslims to turn back to Islamic principles and practice such as used to exist in the days of the God's envoy Mohammed and 'Pious Ancestors' (Salaf al-Salih) of the first three generations of Muslims. According to Wahhabi views, original Islamic teachings should be purified from all innovations, deviations or polytheism, which have gradually tarnished the Koran and Sunnah over the former centuries. Mohammed bin Abdel al-Wahab, the founder of the Wahhabi movement, argued that the Muslims of Arabia had a responsibility to resist to foreign influences, primarily the Persian (Shiite) and Turkish (Sufi) deviations of the true Islamic faith. The essence of the Sheikh al-Wahab's teachings - Wahhabism - is a specific liberation movement of the early 19th century when (Arab) revolt against Ottoman Empire force started. Osama bin Laden and al-Qa'ida marked the beginning of the 21st century with terrorist attacks and showed the ruthlessness of asymmetric warfare. Wahhabism is an official (governmental) and prevailing religious teaching of the Saudi Arabia and Khatar. It has become a global phenomenon and its further gradual strengthening and, very likely, its expansion may be expected. As to the Balkans, Wahhabis are present in Albania (probably the center of Wahhabism in the Southern Balkans region), in Bosnia and Herzegovina (there are many indicators of Wahhabi presence and influence), Serbia (mainly in the province of Kosovo and Metohija, and in the Raška area, namely in the part thereof belonging to Serbia), Montenegro (mostly in its northern part), Macedonia, Bulgaria, and Croatia. The most forceful Wahhabi intrusion into the Balkans came through Islamic centers, Islamic schools, and Islamic humanitarian and charity organizations. Wahhabi proselytism is founded on infiltration, indoctrination, and financial support.
|