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2015, vol. 44, br. 3, str. 23-28
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Komparativna analiza parametara oksigenacije, ventilacije i acido-baznog statusa tokom intraoperativne primene konvencionalne i protektivne ventilacije pluća
Comparative analysis of parameters of oxygenation, ventilation and acid-base status during intraoperative application of conventional and protective lung ventilation
aUniverzitet u Prištini sa privremenim sedištem u Kosovskoj Mitrovici, Medicinski fakultet, Srbija + KBC Priština, Gračanica bOdeljenje neonatologije, OB Leskovac
e-adresa: vidneb@yahoo.com
Sažetak
Cilj ovog rada bio je da se izvrši uporedna analiza primenjene konvencionalne (tradicionalne) i zaštitne (protektivne) mehaničke ventilacije pluća u kliničkim uslovima u pogledu intraoperativnih promena parametara oksigenacije, ventilacije i acido-baznog statusa. Sprovedena je prospektivna studija koja je obuhvatila 120 pacijenata. Svi pacijenti su podvrgnuti istoj elektivnoj operaciji (klasična holecistektomija). Pacijenti su podeljeni u dve grupe od po 60 pacijenata, A i B. Kod grupe A u toku operacije primenjena je konvencionalna ventilacija pluća sa disajnim volumenom 10-15 ml/kg t.t., frekvencijom disanja 12/min. i PEEP nula. Kod grupe B primenjena je protektivna ventilacija pluća sa disajnim volumenom 6-8 ml/kg t.t., frekvencijom disanja 12/min. i PEEP od 7 mbar. Monitoring oksigenacije podrazumevao je praćenje SaO2 i PaO2. Monitoring ventilacije obuhvatio je određivanje vrednosti disajnog volumena i minutnog volumena ventilacije, vršnog inspiratornog pritiska (Ppeak), srednjeg pritiska u disajnom putu (Paw.mean), PEEP, PaCO2 i EtCO2. Praćenje acido-baznog statusa vršeno je preko određivanja pH vrednosti arterijske krvi. Monitoring je vršen u 4 intervala: T1 - 5-10 minuta nakon uspostavljanja disajnog puta, T2 - nakon otvaranja peritoneuma, T3 - nakon skidanja žučne kese, T4 - nakon zatvaranja trbušnog zida. Svi rezultati monitoringa prikazani su kao srednja vrednost. Statistička značajnost razlika srednjih vrednosti testirana je primenom t-testa srednjih vrednosti u slučaju dva nezavisna uzorka. Kao statistička značajnost testa uzete su standardne vrednosti p<0,01 i p<0,001. Uporedna analiza vrednosti SaO2, PaO2, Ppeak nije pokazala statističku značajnost. Statistička značajnost postoji kod analize vrednosti disajnog volumena i Paw.mean (p<0,001). Analiza PaCO2 i pH arterijske krvi nije pokazala statističku značajnost u prvom intervalu merenja ali jeste u intervalima T2-T4 (p<0,001). Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata ovog istraživanja, može se zaključiti da primenjeni tipovi mehaničke ventilacije pluća tokom izvođenja operativnih postupaka srednje dužine trajanja, nisu doveli do značajnijih promena u pogledu održavanja parametara oksigenacije, ventilacije i acido-baznog statusa, i da su oni ostali u normalnim, fiziološkim granicama.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis applied conventional (traditional) and protective mechanical lung ventilation in clinical conditions with regard to intraoperative parameters changes of oxygenation, ventilation and acid-base status. This was a prospective study that included 240 patients. All patients underwent the same elective surgery (classic cholecystectomy). Patients were divided into two groups of 120 patients, A and B. In group A during the operation had received conventional lung ventilation with tidal volume of 10-15 ml/kg body weight, respiratory rate 12/min. and a PEEP zero. In group B was applied protective lung ventilation with a tidal volume of 6-8 ml/kg body weight, respiratory rate 12/min. and a PEEP of 7 mbar. Monitoring of oxygenation included the monitoring SaO2 and PaO2. Monitoring of ventilation included the determination of the value of tidal volume and minute volume ventilation, peak inspiratory pressure (Ppeak), medium pressure in the airway (Paw.mean), PEEP, PaCO2 and EtCO2. Monitoring of acid-base status was performed via determination of the pH values of arterial blood. Monitoring was carried out in four intervals: T1 - 5-10 minutes after the establishment of the airway, T2 - after opening peritoneum, T3 - after removal of the gallbladder, T4 - after the closure of the abdominal wall. All monitoring results are presented as mean. The statistical significance of differences in mean values was tested by t - test mean values in the case of two independent samples. As a statistical significance test taken as standard values p <0.01 and p <0.001. Comparative analysis of the value of SaO2, PaO2, Ppeak did not reach statistical significance. Statistical significance there is in the analysis of values of tidal volume and Paw.mean (p <0.001). Analysis of PaCO2 and pH of arterial blood showed no statistical significance in the first interval measurements but did interval T2-T4 (p <0.001). Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the applied types of mechanical ventilation of lungs during the performance of surgical procedures of medium duration, have not led to significant changes in terms of maintaining the parameters of oxygenation, ventilation and acid-base status, and they stayed in normal, physiological range.
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