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2012, vol. 40, br. 2, str. 57-62
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Istraživanje smanjenja sopstvene mase industrijske prikolice
Applied research for weight reduction of an industrial trailer
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Brescia, Owensboro, Kentucky, USA
Sažetak
Cilj istraživanja u ovom radu je smanjenje težine industrijske prikolice u cilju smanjivanja transportnih troškova prevoza robe kao i smanjenje zagađenja vazduha. Prikolica je sastavljena od mnogo različitih komponenti, a svaka od njih je analizirana i ispitana. Smanjenje sopstvene mase se može ostvariti promenom kako geometrije tako i materijala koji se koriste za proizvodnju komponenti. Glavne komponente su: konstrukcija rama (sastavljena od I nosača, poprečnih greda, držača i zadnjih branika), osovine i točkovi; korišćeni materijali su klasični konstrukcioni čelci, èelici visoke èvrstoæe, legure aluminijuma i kompozitni materijali. Osnovno pravilo korišćeno u ovom procesu jeste da nova komponenta mora da ima skoro isto mehaničko ponašanje kao i originalna (faktor sigurnosti, krutost, dinamički ponašanje, itd). Iz tog razloga više različitih slučajeva opterećenja su analizirana i neka od njih su proistekla iz relevantnih standarda. Konačno rešenje prikolice pokazuje da postoji mnogo mogućnosti da se smanji njihova sopstvena masa, naročito ako je prikolica je napravljen od legure aluminijuma i kompozitnih materijala, i tada je to smanjenje oko 45 %, u poređenju sa klasičnim rešenjima izvedenim od konstrukcionih čelika.
Abstract
The goal of this paper is to reduce the weight of a trailer with the aim to decrease both the transportation cost for goods and also reduce air pollution. The trailer is composed by many different components; each of them is studied and elaborated in order to achieve the target stated above. This operation may be done changing both the geometry and the materials used to produce the components. The main components are: the structural frame (composed by I-beams, transversal beams, brakets and rear bumper), the axels and the wheels; the materials used are a classical structural steel, a high strengh steel, an aluminium alloy and a composite material. The main rule used in this process is that the new component must have almost the same mechanical behaviour of the original (safety factor, stiffness, dynamical behaviour, etc.). Therefore, many different load conditions have been performed and some of these were aquired from the relevant standard. The final trailer shows that there are many choices to reduce the weight and in particular, if the trailer is made of aluminium alloy and composite material, the weight reduction is about 45 %, compared with the structural steel.
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