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2020, vol. 24, br. 1, str. 6-8
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Prinos i kvalitet biomase cele biljke četiri hibrida kukuruza za proizvodnju silaže
Yield and biomass quality of the whole plant of four maize hybrids for silage production
aInstitut za kukuruz 'Zemun polje', Beograd-Zemun bInstitut za prehrambene tehnologije, Novi Sad
e-adresa: rmilica@mrizp.rs
Projekat: Poboljšanje svojstava kukuruza i soje molekularnim i konvencionalnim oplemenjivanjem (MPNTR - 31068)
Sažetak
Kukuruz je najvažnija krmna biljka po visini prinosa i kvalitetu biomase. Najvažniji parametri kvaliteta silažnih formi hibrida kukuruza su: prinos ukupne i svarljive suve materije, sadržaj i odnosi lignoceluloznih vlakana (NDF - vlakna nerastvorna u neutralnom deterdžentu, ADF - vlakna nerastvorna u kiselom deterdžentu i ADL - lignin nerastvorljiv u 72% rastvoru sumporne kiseline), svarljivost suve materije i svarljivost NDF (NDFD) cele biljke kukuruza. Svarljivost suve materije i NDFD daju preciznije podatke o kvalitetu biomase kukuruzne biljke za silažu. U ovom radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja prinosa zelene mase, suve materije i svarljive suve materije, kao i kvaliteta biomase (sadržaj i odnosi lignoceluloznih vlakana, svarljivost suve materije i NDF) cele biljke četiri silažna ZP hibrida kukuruza gajenih na četiri različite lokacije u Republici Srbiji. Rezultati su pokazali da se prosečan sadržaj suve materije cele biljke kretao od 28,03% (ZP 735) do 35,84% (ZP 707). Najviši prosečan prinos zelene mase od 40,4 t∙ha-1, suve materije od 14,4 t·ha-1 i prinos svarljive suve materije cele kukuruzne biljke za sve četiri lokacija od 8,8 t∙ha-1 imao je hibrid ZP 707. Najviši prosečan sadržaj lignoceluloznih vlakana (NDF, ADF, hemiceluloze i celuloze) imao je hibrid ZP 735 koji je imao najnižu svarljivost suve materije cele kukuruzne biljke (57,24%). Najvišu prosečnu svarljivost suve materije (61,00%) i NDFD (26,20%) cele kukuruzne biljke imao je hibrid ZP 707 koji je imao i najniži prosečan sadržaj svih lignoceluloznih vlakana: NDF (52,85%), ADF (26,11%), ADL (3,31%), hemiceluloze (26,74%) i celuloze (22,80%).
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a study on the yields of green matter, dry matter and digestible dry matter of the whole plant of four ZP silage maize hybrids (gown in four different locations in the Republic of Serbia) and the quality of their whole-plant biomass. The results obtained indicate that the highest average yields of green matter (40.4 t·ha-1), dry matter (14.4 t·ha-1) and digestible dry matter of the whole plant (8.8 t·ha-1) were recorded in the ZP 707 hybrid at all four locations considered. The highest average content of lignocellulosic fibres was detected in the ZP 735 hybrid, which also exhibited the lowest dry matter digestibility of the whole plant (57.24%). The highest average digestibility of dry matter (61.00%) and NDF (NDFD - Neutral Detergent Fibres Digestibility) (26.20%) of the whole maize plant was determined in the ZP 707 hybrid, which also had the lowest average content of all lignocellulosic fibres.
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