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2000, vol. 42, br. 4, str. 617-636
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Praksa, habitus i polje: sociološka teorija Pjera Burdijea kao pokušaj teorijske integracije
Practice, Habitus and Field: Pierre Bourdieu's Sociological Theory as an Attempt at Theoretical Integration
Faculty of Social Sciences, Ljubljana
Sažetak
Sociološka teorija Pjera Burdijea predstavlja ne samo amalgam interesantnih i često čak utemeljenih uvida, nego takođe i jedan od najznačajnijih pokušaja teorijske integracije u savremenoj sociologiji. Kao i mnogi drugi sociolozi, i Burdije u ovom smislu pokušava da prevaziđe uprošćavajuće i jednostrane klasične teorije koje su bile isuviše fokusirane ili na društvenu strukturu ili na ljudsko delanje. U nameri da prevaziđe ovakvu razdeljenost dve suprotstavljene metateorijske tradicije, Burdije uvodi pojmovnu trijadu praksa-habitus-polje. On se nada da će mu ovakvo rešenje omogućiti da razume obe strane društvene dinamike u njihovoj uzajamnoj suštini. Autor članka analizira ova tri pojma i tvrdi da Burdije nije postigao ono što je želeo: njegovo rešenje adekvatno konceptualizuje samo strukturnu stranu društvene realnosti (polje), dok druga strana, ljudsko delanje (ili praksa), ostaje nedovoljno teoretizovana i u osnovi samo zavisna promenljiva u mreži strukturnih uslova. Pošto nekoliko derivata Burdijeove teorije (na primer, sasvim isključivo fokusiranje na klasnu dimenziju, državu, strukturne odnose unutar polja, moć, itd) mogu biti shvaćeni kao posledice ovog pristrasnog razumevanja prirode društvene realnosti, sugerisano je da preformulacija osnovnog rešenja problema teorijske integracije može doprineti značajnom uvećanju eksplanatornog potencijala teorije.
Abstract
Sociological theory of Pierre Bourdieu represents not just an amalgam of interesting and often even proving insights, but also one of the most important attempts at theoretical integration in contemporary sociology. As many other sociologists, Bourdieu in this respect also tries to overcome simplifying and one-sided classical theories, which were focused too exclusively either on social structures, either on human agency. In order to overcome this futile cleavage of the two opposed metatheoretical traditions Bourdieu introduces a conceptual triplet praxis-habitus-field. He hopes that this solution will allow him to understand both sides of social dynamics in their intertwined essence. The author of the article analyses these three notions and argues that Bourdieu has not achieved what he aimed: his solution adequately conceptualizes only the structural side of social reality (the field), while the other side, human agency (or practice) remains undertheorized and basically just a dependent variable in the network of structural conditions. Since several drawbacks of Bourdieu's theory (for example quite exclusive focus on the class dimensions, the state, structural relations within the field, power etc) could be understood as a consequence of this biased understanding of the nature of social reality, a suggestion is made that reformulation of his basic solution to the problem of theoretical integration might contribute to the significant rise of this theory's explanatory potentials.
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