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2015, vol. 63, br. 1-2, str. 67-81
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Inovativnost i kreativne industrije kao osnov reindustrijalizacije u Srbiji
Innovation and creative industries as a basis for Serbian reindustrialization
Univerzitet Singidunum, FEFA - Fakultet za ekonomiju, finansije i administraciju - FEFA, Beograd
Projekat: Unapređenje konkurentnosti Srbije u procesu pristupanja Evropskoj uniji (MPNTR - 47028)
Sažetak
Duboka ekonomska kriza, koja je zahvatila privrede jugoistočne Evrope (JIE), uključujući Srbiju, ponovo je otvorila raspravu o potrebi za nekom novom vrstom industrijalizacije. Dok mnogi drugi autori pozivaju na državnu intervenciju u izabranim privrednim granama, mi se zalažemo za snažnu podršku razvoju klastera i kreativnih industrija, inovacionih procesa i sveukupne konkurentnosti zemlje, kao najbolji način da se izbegne zamka srednjeg nivoa razvoja. U ovom članku, nadovezujući se na aktuelna naučna istraživanja o značaju inovacija i kreativnih industrija kao motora ekonomskog razvoja, proučavamo i predlažemo mere javnih politika sa ciljem obnove rasta BDPpc i postepenog smanjenja jaza razvoja u region JIE u odnosu na razvijene zemlje. Neophodno je da Srbija, koja se ovde posebno sagledava, dovrši nezavršene reforme iz stadijuma konkurentnosti vođene činiocima proizvodnje, pogotovo kada se radi o institucijama i logističkoj infrastrukturi, a da istovremeno ojača inovacionu infrastrukturu kako bi prešla u stadijum konkurentnosti vođene inovacijama. Povoljna okolnost za Srbiju i JIE leži u poboljšanju ranga mereno Indeksom globalnih inovacija tokom krize, mada analizirani svetski izveštaji iz ove oblasti takođe ukazuju na slabosti koje treba prevazići. Pored podrške politika inovacija i klastera, sveobuhvatnije mere je potrebno sprovesti kako bi se unapredilo poslovno okruženje, obrazovni sistem (posebno višedisciplinarni pristup), kao i pristup finansiranju.
Abstract
A deep economic crisis affecting all the economies of South-Eastern Europe (SEE), including Serbia, has reignited the debate concerning the need for a new type of industrialization. While many other authors call for strong state intervention in select economic sectors, we strongly maintain that the best way to avoid the middle-income trap is to support the development of clusters and creative industries, buttressing innovation processes and the overall competitiveness of the economy. In this article, building upon the ongoing research on the importance of innovation and creative industries as key forces in the process of economic development, we analyze and shape policy recommendations, aiming to restore the growth of GDPpc and gradually reduce the development gap in SEE region relative to developed countries. Serbia, specifically, needs to shift from the investment-driven stage of competitiveness to innovation-driven stage, by completing outstanding tasks from the factor-driven stage, especially relating to institutions and infrastructure development, and by focusing on innovation infrastructure. A favorable circumstance for Serbia and the SEE lies in their success in improving Global Innovation Rankings during the crisis; nonetheless, analyzed global reports also show weaknesses that need to be managed. In addition to supporting innovation policy and clusters, more comprehensive measures should be undertaken in improving the business-enabling environment, education (especially multidisciplinary approach) and access to finance.
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