Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) is a country with a specific polity, burdened with various war destructions, poverty, low standard of living, organised crime, etc. It represents a serious challenge to the EU when it comes to civil protection. A wider definition of the subject of this research is the organisiation in the filed of civil protection and its functioning in BiH, while in a narrow sense, the subject of this research focuses on the capacities of civil protection in BiH when it comes to helping civil authorities with emergency situations. Theoretically, this research covers the thorough analysis of the existing knowledge about the subject of this research and the definition of the crucial notions. In the first part of this work, the author states both narrow and wider understandings of the civil protection development throughout the 20th century. Further discussion about this theme leads us to the civil protection system of BiH from the end of the Second World War to the outbreak of war in this country during the 1990s. The third part gives a detailed analysis of the civil protection organisation system currently existing in BiH, resulting in conclusions and recommendations. Taking into consideration the existing problem and the subject of this research, the main aim of this work is to present and analyse the organization of civil protection and its current state in BiH. The scientific aim of this research is to examine the organisation and the possibilities of the civil protection and rescue system in BiH, with specific reference to civil protection systems at the entity level and a clear emphasis on the importance of general understanding of the possibilities of civil protection and rescue in BiH. The practical aim is to improve the whole civil protection and rescue system, on the basis of certain conclusions and suggestions related to possibilities of civil protection when it comes to helping civil authorities with emergency situations.