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2013, vol. 8, br. 27, str. 67-89
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Kodovi neverbalnog komuniciranja
Codes of nonverbal behaviour
Sažetak
Jedna od najvažnijih pretpostavki komunikacione kompetentnosti svakog pojedinca jeste i veština neverbalnog komuniciranja. Poznato je da je dobra komunikacija osnov za uspostavljanje odnosa, bilo porodičnih, ljubavnih ili profesionalnih. Značajan deo komunikacije koja se odvija među ljudima je neverbalan. Ljudi, i kada ne govore, ne prestaju da komuniciraju, već konstantno svojim telom šalju informacije o sebi. Ti signali mogu da ukazuju na trenutno emotivno stanje govornika, ali mogu biti i pogrešno shvaćeni. Samim tim, razumevanje neverbalnog komuniciranja može i treba da bude ključno za efektnu komunikaciju. Pravila neverbalnog komuniciranja se neformalno uče kroz socijalizaciju i značajno se razlikuju među kulturama, pa čak i unutar jedne iste kulture. Verbalni kod, korišćen u odgovarajućoj sintaksi, ima denotativno značenje. Ako za vreme verbalnog komuniciranja, čujemo reč koju ne razumemo, možemo je potražiti u rečniku. Za tumačenje neverbalnog komuniciranja rečnik ne postoji. Ako nam se neko približi, dodirne nas, ćuti, ili bulji u nas, samo možemo da nagađamo razloge i značenje tih poteza. Neverbalno komuniciranje, koliko god kratko trajalo, neizbežno prethodi verbalnom komuniciranju. Takođe, neverbalni govor može da se prepliće sa verbalnim jezikom tako što ga dopunjuje, akcentuje, zamenjuje, ponavlja ili protivureči. Razumevanje kodova neverbalnog komuniciranja je, stoga, ključan faktor u procesu komunikacije, kako među pripadnicima iste kulture, tako i među pripadnicima različitih kultura, a kao rezultat očekuje se postizanje nameravanih didaktičkih, ekonomskih ili političkih ciljeva. Imajući u vidu da se kodovi neverbalnog komuniciranja prepliću i da mogu da zbune govornike, cilj ovog rada je da pruži sistematizovanu podelu postojećih neverbalnih kodova, kao i da prikaže još jedan, do sada zasebno nenaveden kod u domaćoj stručnoj literaturi.
Abstract
Verbal communication skills are one of the most important prerequisites for communication competence of each individual. It is well known that good communication is the foundation of any successful relationship, whether familial, romantic or professional. A significant part of the communication that takes place between people is nonverbal. Even when people stop speaking, they do not cease to communicate, because their bodies are constantly sending information about themselves. These signals may indicate the current emotional state of the speaker, but they can be misunderstood. Therefore, understanding nonverbal communication can and should be a key to effective communication. The rules of nonverbal communication are acquired through socialization and vary significantly between cultures, and even within the same culture. Verbal code, used in the appropriate syntax, has a denotative meaning. If during verbal communication, we hear a word we do not understand, we can look it up in the dictionary. For interpreting nonverbal communication, vocabulary does not exist. If someone approaches, touches us, is being quiet, or is staring at us, we can only guess the reasons and significance of these moves. Nonverbal communication, no matter how short it lasts, is inevitably accompanied by verbal communication. Nonverbal language can be intertwined with verbal language and may complement it, accent, substitute, repeat or even contradict it. Understanding of nonverbal communication codes is, therefore, a key factor in the process of communication, both among members of the same culture, and between members of different cultures, and as a result it is expected to achieve intentional didactic, economic or political goals. Bearing in mind that codes of nonverbal communication overlap and can confuse the communicators, the aim of this paper is to provide a systematic division of the existing non-verbal codes.
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