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1997, vol. 49, br. 3, str. 24-43
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Međuverski odnosi i vojna stabilnost Albanije
Interrelations between religions and military stability in Albania
Sažetak
Albanija je zemlja čije je stanovništvo podeljeno na dve velike verske grupe: muslimane i hrišćane. Muslimani se, dalje, dele na sunite (50 odsto) i bekteše (20 odsto), a hrišćani na pravoslavne (20 odsto) i rimokatolike (10 odsto). Odnosi među pripadnicima tih verskih grupa u toku istorije bili su veoma protivurečni, ali su se uglavnom svodili na krvave sukobe, jer je država koja je unela islam u Albaniju - Osmansko carstvo. bila zasnovana na verskom principu. Budući da su muslimani bili privilegovani i da su bili nosioci vlasti, da bi došlo do nacionalnog buđenja bilo je neophodno da se prevaziđu verske razlike, pa su nosioci albanskog nacionalnog preporoda u 19. veku delovali u tom pravcu. Zbog različitih pristupa svetu i životu, kao dogmatskih sistema, na osnovu kojih su nastajali sukobi među pripadnicima različitih vera Enver Hodža je ukinuo religiju želeći da ujedini naciju. Ali ni on nije bio dosledan. jer su i dalje bili privilegovani ljudi muslimanskog porekla. Stoga, čim je nestao komunizam, obnovljenje verski život i otpočele su verske razmirice i sukobi. Počeli su progoni pripadnika pravoslavne manjine, pre svega Grka, zabranjuje se njihova organizacija OMONIA a ti se odnosi prenose i u armiju. Država pokazuje nepoverenje prema oficirima i vojnicima grčke nacionalnosti - sklanja ih sa grčke granice pripadnike grčke manjine hapse pod optužbom da podrivaju državu itd. Sve to mora da ostavi duboke posledice na vojnu stabilnost države, pogotovu što se i rimokatolici žale na privilegije muslimana, strahujući od mogućeg prodora u zemlju islamskog fundamentalizma.
Abstract
Albania is a country whose population is divided to two major religious groups: the Moslems and the Christians. The Moslem group is further divided to Sunnites (50 per cent of population) and Bekteshes (20 per cent), while the Christians belong either to the Orthodox or to the Roman Catholic Church (20 and 10 per cent respectively). Relations between the members of these religious groups were in the history of the Albanians very contradictory and strained, full of conflicts, which sometimes erupted to sanguinary clashes since the state that brought the Islam to Albania - the Ottoman Empire - was based or religious foundations. Because the Moslems were the privileged part of population and were in fact bearers of the state power, in order that the national awakening could occur the religious differences had to be overcome and therefore the bearers of the Albanian national renaissance were working in that direction in the 19th century. Because of different approaches to the world and life on the part of the churches and religion in general, as a dogmatic system, on the basis of which were occurring conflicts between members of different churches, Enver Hoxha abolished religion, wishing to unite the nation. However, in such his enterprise he was not consistent since the Moslems remained privileged. Because of such a state of affairs as soon as communism disappeared in Albania the religious life of its population was restored, together with the old religious disputes and conflicts. Persecutions of members of the Orthodox minority, mostly of the Greek origin, were renewed, their national-religious organization OMONIA was banned, and such practices and relations have also been conveyed into the ranks of the Albanian Army. The state shows distrust towards officers and soldiers of the Greek nationality and moves them from the Albanian-Greek border to garrisons situated in the interior areas of the country, even imprisons them under the accusation that they are trying to undermine the state, etc. All these actions are inevitably bound to leave deep consequences on the military stability of the state, even more so because also the Roman Catholics are complaining with regard to privileges enjoyed by the Moslems, fearing also a possible breaking of the Islamic fundamentalism into the country.
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