After the modern Serbian state was restored under the leadership of Prince Milos, who chose Kragujevac to be the capital, doctors came from abroad, working mainly on military-medical affairs. The first graduate physician who stayed in Kragujevac was Constantinos Alexandridi, MD, and at the time Vito Romita, MD, and Bartolomeo Cunibert, MD, were active as well. The first Serbian doctor, a Serb from abroad who came to Serbia (1826), was Jovan Stejic, MD, and the first Serbian doctor who was born in Serbia, was Stevan Milosavljevic, MD. The organizers of military and civilian medical services at the time were Karel Pacek, MD, and Emmerich Lindenmayer, MD. The first institutions that had characteristics of hospitals ('špitalji') were established in Kragujevac and Pozarevac (1832), but due to the lack of personnel and resources, these institutions as well as others like them had unstable organization. The first military hospital was formed in 1836 on the left bank of Lepenica River, at the edge of the Prince's Palace complex. The first health and medical authorities were established in the structure of government and administration in 1838, and one of the first leaders of these institutions were Jovan Stejic, MD, and Carlo Beloni, MD. Nine district physicians were appointed on August 7th, 1839 and they served for a long time as the highest organs of preventive and curative medicine. Josif Pancic, MD, Ljubomir Radivojevic, MD, Mladen Jankovic, MD, and Filip Tajsic, MD, were among the most deserving for the foundation of the District Hospital in Kragujevac on November 20th, 1860, after many delays. The work of a doctor of that time was not particularly appreciated, their private work provided their primary source of income and medical progress in Kragujevac was mainly related to military health care until the ninth decade of the 19th century.