The dominant ideology of the modern world is the ideology of integration or globalization. That is why the Balkan countries are faced with several questions. How much, actually, those among them with worn-out economies can claim the right to true equality and singularity in the global power configuration? How to adjust the globalization processes to the need to preserve the cultural and national identity? And what are the domains in which the state must preserve its full-fledged impact in creating the cultural policy? The above-mentioned and many other issues were the subject of the debate led by the participants of the two-day roundtable entitled Culture in the Processes of Development, Regionalization and Eurointegration of the Balkans held on December 17-18 2003 at the Faculty of Philosophy in Niš as a part of the realization of the project Cultural and Ethnic Relations at the Balkans – Possibilities of Regional and European Integration. The presentations from the roundtable are given here after the introduction.