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2012, vol. 53, br. 1, str. 14-19
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Faktori koji utiču na randman šaranskih riba
Factors affecting the yield of carp fish species
aUniverzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Srbija bInstitut za higijenu i tehnologiju mesa, Beograd, Srbija cUniverzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet, Srbija
e-adresa: ljubojevicd.dragana@gmail.com
Projekat: Uticaj kvaliteta komponenata u ishrani ciprinida na kvalitet mesa, gubitke i ekonomičnost proizvodnje (MPNTR - 31011)
Sažetak
Osnovni cilj istraživanja je bio dobijanje podataka o randmanu svih kategorija konzumnih ciprinidnih riba gajenih u našim ribnjacima. Uzorci dvogodišnjeg i trogodišnjeg šarana, dvogodišnjeg tolstolobika i dvogodišnjeg amura uzeti su u zimskom periodu sa ribnjaka na kojem se proizvodnja odvijala u poluintenzivnom sistemu proizvodnje. Trogodišnji šaran je uzorkovan sa dva ribnjaka, pri čemu je na jednom u ishrani bila zastupljena kombinacija ječma, kukuruza i pšenice, u odnosu 40:30:30, dok je na drugom vršeno hranjenje sa kompletnim krmnim smešama. Takođe je uzet uzorak i dvogodišnjeg šarana sa ribnjaka na kome je ishrana vršena kompletnim krmnim smešama. Randman je bio najpovoljniji kod šarana (67%), zatim kod tolstolobika (62%), a najnepovoljniji kod amura (60%) (p < 0,01). Dvogodišnji šaran je imao najpovoljniji randman (66%), sledi jednogodišnji (64%), a najnepovoljniji randman je bio utvrđen kod trogodišnjeg šarana (58%)(p < 0,01). Randman je bio povoljniji kod dvogodišnjeg šarana hranjenog peletiranom hranom (68%) u odnosu na šarana iste starosti hranjenog kukuruzom i pšenicom (66%) (p<0,01). Vrednosti randmana izmerene kod trogodišnjeg šarana, gajenog u poluintenzivnim uslovima, prihranjivanog ječmom, kukuruzom i pšenicom bile su, u proseku, 56%, a kod trogodišnjeg šarana, hranjenog peletiranom kompletnom krmnom smešom 59%. Vrsta ribe, starosna kategorija, sistem gajenja i način ishrane pokazali su značajan uticaj na randman. Dvogodišnji šaran hranjen kompletnom hranom odlikovao se najpovoljnijim randmanom i većom masom fileta, što je rezultat manje mase unutrašnjih organa i pripadajućeg masnog tkiva. Dobijeni rezultati mogu biti od pomoći u pravljenju strategije za određivanje najpovoljnije strategije za odabir sirovina za potrebe prerađivačke industrije.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the carcass yield of all categories of cyprinid fish reared in our farms. Samples of two and three year old carp, two year old silver carp and grass carp were taken in the winter time from the farm, where the production was organized in the semi intensive system. The three year old carp was sampled from two farms. In one case, feeding was performed using barley, maize and wheat, in proportion 40:30:30, while in the second case, the feeding was done with a complete diet mixture. Also, the samples of two year old carp were taken from ponds where the feeding was done with complete feed mixtures. Dressing percentage was the most favourable in common carp (67%), followed by silver carp (62%), and it was the lowest in grass carp (60%) (p < 0.01). The best yield (66%) was obtained in two-year carp, followed by one year old carp (64%), and the lowest yield was determined in three-year old carp (58%) (p < 0.01). Carcass yield was better in two-year old carp fed pelleted feed (68%) compared to the carp of the same age fed grains (66%) (p < 0.01). The values of dressing percentage measured in three-year old carp, grown in the semi-intensive system was 56%, and in three-year old carp fed pelleted completed feed mixture 59%. Fish species, age, the system of farming and the diet showed a significant effect on carcass yield. The highest dressing percentage and weight of fillets was observed in two-years old carp fed a completed feed and it was a result of lower weight of internal organs and associated fat. The obtained results may be helpful in creating the best strategy for the selection of raw fish for fish processing.
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