2011, vol. 63, br. 2, str. 29-45
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Izgrađenost konstitutivnih elemenata nauka odbrane
Level of development of constituent elements of defense sciences
Nezavisni univerzitet Banja Luka, Republika Srpska, BiH
Sažetak
U radu se prvo iznose stavovi pojedinih metodologa o konstitutivnim elementima nauke uopšte. Zatim je izrađena komparativna analiza i ocena stepena izgrađenosti osnovnih konstitutivnih elemenata nauka odbrane: predmeta, teorije, jezika i metode. Uočeno je da nauke odbrane imaju svoj predmet - odbrambene delatnosti, a u okviru njih oružanu borbu, operaciju, boj, metode nauke … Takođe, ukazano je da su objekt i subjekt s epistemološke tačke identični, da problemi prevazilaze područje interesovanja nauka odbrane i da nema razloga za zamenu predmeta objektom nauke. U drugom delu je izvršena kompleksna analiza teorije nauka odbrane. Analizirani su svi elementi strukture naučne teorije: predmet, osnovni pojmovi, stavovi, hipoteze, zakoni i teoreme. Ocenjeno je da je primenjena teorija relativno izgrađena, ali da se i dalje oseća potreba za intenzivnim traganjem u oblasti odbrambenih delatnosti i izradom konzistentnih i argumentovanih teorija, naročito onih metateorijskog karaktera. U trećem delu data je kompleksna ocena jezika nauka odbrane. Ukazano je na njegove elemente, strukturu i naročito na nedovoljnu deskriptivnost i eksplikativnost. Dokazano je, međutim, da taj jezik nauka odbrane postoji, da se zasniva na osnovama našeg književnog jezika, ali i da ima specifične simbole, izraze i iskaze i da je stil pretežno doktrinarni - bez valjane eksplikacije i argumentacije. Na kraju je dat prikaz metode nauke s težištem na komparativnoj analizi u odnosu na druge metode, definisanju, tumačenju različitih stavova metodologa o njenoj strukturi i metodološkim prilazima. Dokazano je da nauke odbrane imaju svoju metodu i kompleks specifikovanih naučnih metoda koje se koriste u istraživačkom postupku.
Abstract
The paper first presents the views of some methodologists about constituent elements of the science in general. Then it gives a comparative analysis and an assessment of the level of development of basic constituent elements of defense sciences: subject, theory, language, and method. It is noted that defense sciences have their subject - defense activities, and within these - armed struggle, operation, battle, method of science ... It is also pointed out that object and subject are identical from the epistemological viewpoint, that problems extend beyond the area of interest of defense sciences, and that there are no reasons for the subject to be replaced by the object of the science. The second section of the paper presents a complex analysis of the theory of defense sciences. All elements of the scientific theory structure are analyzed: subject, basic notions, views, hypotheses, laws, and theorems. It is assessed that the applied theory is relatively developed, but there is still a need for intensive search in the area of defensive activities and for the creation of consistent and argument-based theories, those of met theoretical character in particular. The third section presents a complex assessment of the language of defense sciences. It points to its elements, structure, and especially to insufficient descriptiveness and explicative ness. It has been proved, however, that this language of defense sciences does exist, that it is based on our literary language, but also that it has specific symbols, terms and statements, and that its style is quite doctrinaire - without proper explication and argumentation. Finally, the paper presents science methods with an emphasis on the comparative analysis in relation to other methods, on definition, interpretation of different views of methodologists as regards its structure, and on methodological approaches. It proves that defense sciences have their own method and a complex of specific scientific methods used in the research procedure.
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