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The work of epidemiologists in the anti-rabies station of the Institute of Public Health Pirot from 2006 to 2015
Rad epidemiologa u antirabičnoj stanici Zavoda za javno zdravlje Pirot od 2006. do 2015. godine
Ključne reči: antirabična zaštita; antirabična stanica; pirotski okrug
Abstract
Vaccines and human antirabies serum is possible to prevent the occurrence of rabies to the injured persons. Epidemiologist good survey should determine the number of factors to determine the indications for antirabic protection. Also, during his work he can seek help from various agencies and institutions to provide complete protection escaped injury. In the observed period, epidemiologists have occurred 980 persons, 58.88% male and 41.12% female. Immediately after the bite, rinse the wound, but before the doctor came forward, 41.33% bitten used a homemade brandy. The chosen doctor after the examination and treatment of the wound, with 64.19% of injured prescribed antibiotics per os. After checking the immune status regarding protection against tetanus after animal bites 55.11% of the fully immunized against tetanus by giving antitetanus and human immunoglobulin. There was no need to be vaccinated against tetanus 37.24% of injured because they were fully protected, either during the systematic vaccination (children) or have been vaccinated before the personal injury. The owners are known for 69.57 % of the domestic animals that were inflicted injury to people, of which 20.15% were inflicted injury to their owners. For 30.43% of domestic animals that are causing injury to people could not find the owner. Of the domestic animals whose owners are known, 27.16% were regularly vaccinated against rabies At 44.18% of domestic animals was performed 10day supervision of a veterinarian, and at 25.83 % of the animals 10day supervision of injured by the owner or by the of injured persons who were reporting the health status of the animals for 10 days. Under the 10daily supervision is placed 51.88% of domestic animals of unknown owners, since they were captured by the animal hygiene services of municipal enterprises, and 9.22% were followed from the very of injured, after the animals were in the area, on the street, next to the facility where they work, or wandering in the village and the like. Of the 101 persons who were indicated for antirabic protection, 87.13% are fully protected, at 7.92% vaccination was discontinued due to the obtained negative results, and 4.95 % refused to take the vaccine. Because of measures taken in combating rabies in the Republic of Serbia, and in this regard the recommendations Pasteur Institute to work in the antirabies stations cells, there was a separation of the number of animals from Group C (which is growing) and the number of people who are antirabies protected (which decreased). For the same reason, an epidemiologist, over time, increasingly relied on cooperation and work animal hygiene service.
Sažetak
Vakcinama i humanim antirabičnim serumom je moguće sprečiti pojavu besnila kod ozleđene osobe. Epidemiolog dobrom anketom treba da utvrdi niz činilaca kako bi odredio indikacije za antirabičnu zaštitu. Takođe, tokom svog rada on može tražiti pomoć od raznih službi i institucija kako bi pružio ozleđenom potpunu zaštitu. U posmatranom periodu kod epidemiologa se javilo 980 osoba, 58,88% muškog i 41,12% ženskog pola. Neposredno posle ujeda, a pre nego što su se javili lekaru, 41,33% ujedenih upotrebilo je za ispiranje rane domaću rakiju. Izabrani lekar je posle pregleda i obrade rane kod 64,19% ozleđenih propisao antibiotik per os. Posle provere imunog statusa u vezi zaštite protiv tetanusa, posle ujeda životinje, 55,11% osoba je kompletno vakcinisano protiv tetanusa uz davanje i humanog antitetanusnog imnoglobulina. Nije bilo potrebe da budu vakcinisani protiv tetanusa 37,24% ozleđenih, jer su bili kompletno zaštićeni, bilo tokom sistematskih vakcinacija (deca) ili su pre ozleđivanja od životinje bili kompletno vakcinisani. Domaće životinje koje su ljudima nanele ozledu u 69,57% slučajeva imaju poznate vlasnike, a od toga su 20,15% nanele ozlede svojim vlasnicima. Za 30,43% domaćih životinja koje su nanele ozlede ljudima se nije mogao naći vlasnik. Od domaćih životinja čiji su vlasnici poznati, 27,16% su bile redovno vakcinisane protiv besnila. Kod 44,18% domaćih životinja je izvršen desetodnevni nadzor od strane veterinara, a kod 25,83% životinja desetodnevni nadzor od strane ozleđenih vlasnika ili od strane ozleđenih lica, koji su javljali zdravstveno stanje životinje u toku 10 dana. Pod desetodnevni nadzoro je stavljeno 51,88% domaćih životinja nepoznatog vlasnika, pošto su bile uhvaćene od strane zoohigijeničarske službe komunalnog preduzeća, a 9,22% su bile praćene od samih ozleđenih, pošto su životinje bile u blizini, na ulici, pored ustanove gde ozleđeni rade, ili kao lutalice u selu i slično. Od 101 osobe kod kojih je postavljena indikacija za antirabičnu zaštitu, 87,13% su kompletno zaštićene, kod 7,92% vakcinacija je prekinuta zbog dobijenog negativnog nalaza, a 4,95% je odbilo da primi vakcinu. Zbog preduzetih mera na suzbijanju besnila u Republici Srbiji, i u vezi s tim preporuka Pasterovog zavoda za rad u antirabičnim stanicama, došlo je do razdvajanja broja životinja iz grupe C (koji je rastao) i broja osoba koje su antirabično štićene (koji se smanjivao). Iz istih razloga epidemiolog se tokom vremena sve više oslanjao na saradnju i rad zoohigijeničarskih službi.
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