Synthesis of the common-law accusatorial and the continental mixed criminal procedural justice system: The example of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia: Part 1.

Radulović, Jovan

doi:10.5937/pravzap0-4998

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Pravni zapisi

2014, vol. 5, iss. 1, pp. 259-289

Synthesis of the common-law accusatorial and the continental mixed criminal procedural justice system: The example of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia: Part 1.

Radulović Jovan

Union University, Faculty of Law, Belgrade, Serbia

email: jovanradulovic@hotmail.com

Keywords: International Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia; ICTY; adversarial system; inquisitorial system; international criminal procedure; investigation; detention; plea bargaining; international criminal procedure

Abstract

In this paper, the author analyses criminal procedural rules created as an expression of the synthesis of the common-law accusatorial and the continental mixed criminal procedural justice system in International Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia (ICTY). The field of analytical treatment in this paper is limited not only to textual material of criminal procedural rules, but the author also attempts to demonstrate the practical achievements and implications of criminal procedural institutes. In Part 1 (published in this issue) the author deals with the general concept of the ICTY procedural law. More specifically, the research will focus on sources of procedural law and it follows the different pre-trial procedural stages. Furthermore, the reasons of these synthesis are revealed and categorized into those caused by the practical need - to make the process faster and more efficient (justified by the right to an expeditious trial), and those originating from the flexible adaptation of procedural rules to the legal habits and type of education of lawyers who are referred to the application of the rules. The aim of the paper is to point out the practical consequences of the criminal procedure roles and to outline their practical achievements, depending on the underlying factors. This goal is of great practical importance, considering that legal theory in this area has no influence on establishing criminal procedural rules, but it is also out of step with the critical analysis of some criminal procedural law institutes that are gradually being transferred from the ICTY to other international or national criminal procedure rules. The selected issue has been fairly neglected in our literature, although actualized in recent amendments to the Code of Criminal Procedure of Serbia. By these changes, the continental type of mixed system of criminal procedure has been replaced by the model inspired by Anglo-American criminal procedural law.

Sažetak

Pravne norme procesnog prava koje se primenjuje pred Međunarodnim krivičnim tribunalom za bivšu Jugoslaviju (MKTJ) utemeljene su na tradicijama angloameričke i evropskokontinentalne pravne familije, čime odražavaju međunarodnu prirodu ovog suda. Osnovni cilj ovih odredaba je da pravno urede postupak pred Tribunalom, definišući ga u neposrednoj korelaciji s potrebama da se okrivljenima pred Sudom obezbedi pravo na pravično suđenje. U prvim godinama postojanja i rada Tribunala pravila koja se tiču postupka, u najvećoj meri, bila su inspirisana angloameričkim akuzatorskim modelom krivičnoprocesnog prava. Obimne izmene Pravilnika o postupku i dokazima iz 1998. godine uvele su u procesnu liturgiju neke institute tipične za evropskokontinentalni sistem prava. Pored toga, činjenica da Tribunal ne raspolaže sopstvenim organima prinude determinisala je oblikovanje pojedinih procesnopravnih instituta na tako specifičan način da takva rešenja teško možemo prepoznati u bilo kom od ova dva pomenuta velika pravna sistema. Ova interesantna, i sve prisutnija, pojava prožimanja procesnopravnih instituta angloameričkog i evropskokontinentalnog pravnog sistema, začinjena određenim, sui generis, procesnim institutima, predstavlja veliki izazov za teoretsku obradu, ali time se omogućava bolje razumevanje ove problematike. Ovaj članak neće se ograničiti samo na tekstove krivičnoprocesnih normi već će cilj biti da se prikažu i praktični domašaji određenih procesnopravnih instituta, uporedo s praktičnim domašajima postojećih, klasičnih, procesnopravnih modela. Osim toga, autor objašnjava uzroke nastanka ove sinteze i raščlanjuje ih na one uzrokovane praktičnom potrebom da se postupak učini bržim i efikasnijim (koji se opravdavaju pravom na ekspeditivno suđenje) i na drugu grupu razloga nastalu prilagođavanjem procesnih normi pravnim navikama i načinu obrazovanja pravnika koji su upućeni na njihovu primenu pred sudom. Rad je fizički podeljen u dve tematske celine. U prvom delu rada govori se o različitim izvorima procesnog prava koje se primenjuje pred MKTJ i objašnjavaju se pojedini instituti procesnog prava svojstveni pretpretresnoj fazi postupka, dok se drugi deo rada bavi institutima krivičnog procesnog prava koji se pojavljuju u stvarnosti suđenja pred MKTJ. Cilj rada je da ukaže na praktične posledice ovako oblikovanih pravnih pravila i da prikaže praktične domete normi u zavisnosti od razloga koji su determinisali njihovu pojavu. Taj cilj je i od velikog praktičnog značaja jer nauka u ovoj oblasti ne samo da nema uticaj na kreiranje krivičnoprocesnih normi već u velikoj meri zaostaje i s kritičkom analizom nekih krivičnopravnih instituta koji se iz MKTJ polako sele i u druge internacionalne, pa čak i nacionalne krivičnoprocesne norme.

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article language: Serbian
document type: Review Paper
DOI: 10.5937/pravzap0-4998
published in SCIndeks: 06/08/2014
peer review method: double-blind

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