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2015, vol. 63, iss. 2, pp. 78-93
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Reinsurance: Substance, range and importance
Reosiguranje - suština, domašaj i značaj
Abstract
Reinsurance - at least in Serbian law - represents one of the institutes of Insurance Law of whom a little is known. It should not be surprising as the contract of reinsurance traditionally is not regulated in civil codes or laws on contract of insurance. Questionable are all features of the contract of reinsurance: from the definition through the essentialia negotii to the principle of utmost good faith. That is why the paper is structured so that firstly gives definition of contract of reinsurance and explains position of reinsurance in the system of insurance. It is highlighted that the contract of reinsurance builds on the contract of insurance; which enables the further transfer of risk. It is business-to-business contract (B-2-B), concluded between insurance law experts; frequently of international character; mostly contract of adhesion, aleatory and synallagmatic contract, contract with subsequent execution, etc. The importance of reinsurance in the system of insurance is divided on three components: increase of capacity of insurance market, guarantee of acomplishment of obligations of insurer and regulatory effect on insurance. The author concludes that the contract of reinsurance is a specific business insurance contract, concluded by the insurance law experts and that represents community of interests of reinsurer and reinsured. The mentioned contract may perform its function only if the contracting parties act in a responsible manner, lege artis and respecting the principle of utmost good faith.
Sažetak
Reosiguranje - bar kada je reč o srpskom pravu - predstavlja institut Prava osiguranja o kome se nedovoljno zna. To ne treba da čudi budući da je reč o ugovoru koji tradicionalno nije uređen u delu građanskog zakonika ili zakona o ugovoru o osiguranju. Diskutabilna su, dakle, sva obeležja ugovora o reosiguranju: počev od definicije preko bitnih elemenata do toga kako se ispoljava načelo savesnosti u ovoj specifičnoj oblasti poslovnog prometa. Stoga je autorka tako koncipirala rad da, najpre, definiše ugovor o reosiguranju i objašnjava poziciju reosiguranja u sistemu osiguranja. Naglašeno je da se ugovor o reosiguranju nadovezuje na ugovor o osiguranju, čime se omogućava dalji transfer rizika. U pitanjuje poslovnopravni ugovor, zaključen između stručnjaka za osiguranje; često sa međunarodnim obeležjem; koji u velikom broju slučajeva zaslužuje kvalifikativ adhezionog ugovora; aleatoran i dvostrano obavezan ugovor; čije se prestacije izvršavaju trajno, itd. Značaj reosiguranja u sistemu osiguranja raščlanjen je na tri komponente: povećanje kapaciteta tržišta osiguranja, garancija ispunjenja preuzetih obaveza osiguravača i regulatorni učinak na osiguranje. Autorka zaključuje da je ugovor o reosiguranju tipičan poslovnopravni ugovor, redigovan od strane stručnjaka za (re)osiguranje, koji počiva na uvažavanju zajednice interesa osiguravača i reosiguravača. Isti može vršiti ciljnu funkciju samo ako se obe strane ponašaju u skladu s pravilima o upravljanju rizikom, odgovorno i savesno.
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