1999, vol. 46, br. 3-4, str. 215-232
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Ekonomski pokazatelji eksplolatacije traktora rakovica 95 i 135, sa aspekta energetskog potencijala i vučnih karakteristika
Economic indicators of exploitation of Rakovica 95 and 135 tractors, from the aspect of energy potential and pooling characteristics
aUniverzitet u Beogradu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Srbija
bIndustrija motora Rakovica, Beograd
Sažetak
Na osnovu izvršene analize traktora 'Rakovica 95 i 135', s obzirom na njihovu savremenost, koncepciju i tehničko rešenje proizilaze sledeći zaključci: 1. Traktori 'Rakovica 95 i 135' spadaju u savremeno tehničko rešenje na nivou svetskih proizvođača traktora. 2. Traktori su energetski izbalansirani za optimalno korišćenje u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji. 3. Proračun transmisije izveden je tako da optimalno usklađuje silu vuče i brzinu kretanja traktora, čime se postiže optimalno iskorišćenje energetskog potencijala traktora na potencijalnoj krivoj vučne karakteristike. 4. Za racionalno korišćenje traktora, obavezna je upotreba balasta radi podešavanja mase traktora prema potrebnoj sili vuče za rad, sa priključnim mašinama i oruđima. Primenom balasta dobija se veća mogućnost prilagođavanja traktora zahtevima agrotehnike, uz optimalno korišćenje energetskog potencijala. 5. Utvrđene zakonitosti odnose mase, sile i brzine imaju opšti karakter za traktore sa pogonom na sva četiri točka tipa 4x4s (prednji točkovi manjih dimenzija).
Abstract
This work deals with the effect of energy potential of tractors on their tractive characteristics and with the manner of its rational utilization. By energy potential is meant the power of an engine fitted into a tractor. Energy potential is measured by the ratio kW/t of the tractor mass or kg/kW. Energy potential of 'R-95' and 'R-135' tractors without a ballast ranges from 19 to 20 kW/t or from 50 to 54 kg/kW, and with the ballast varies from 11 to 12 kW/t or from 83 to 88 kg/kW. The tractive force is in function of the tractor mass, and tractor speed is in function of engine power. At a constant mass of a tractor, the tractive force remains unchanged, and by increasing its energy supply - i.e. by augmenting engine power - its tractive force shifts to the area of a higher speed of motion proportionally to the increased engine power. At a constant engine power tractor energy supply can be adjusted by changing the exploitation mass i.e. by adding or removing the ballast. 'R-95' and 'R-135' tractors have a relatively high energy supply and represent contemporary technical solutions, on the level of the leading manufacturers of tractors.
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