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Sabijanje zemljišta, uzroci, posledice, mere
Soil compaction - causes, consequences, measures
Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet
Sažetak
U radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja uzroka, procesa, posledica i negativnih efekata prekomernog sabijanja zemljišta. Potom su utvrđene agrobiološke, organizacione i tehničke mere borbe protiv sabijanja zemljišta. Kao rezultat prekomernog sabijanja zemljišta, utvrđeno je prosečno smanjenje prinosa za 15-20 96, povećanje potrošnje goriva za 20-30 %, povećanje specifičnog otpora pri oranju za 2,0-2,5 puta u poslednjih 30 godina. Utvrđeni su prosečni gubici od 222 US $/ha godišnje kao posledica prekomernog sabijanja zemljišta.
Abstract
The results of research of causes, processes, consequences and measures for decreasing and controlling soil compaction have been exposed in this paper. The influences of soil compaction on quality and yield of the agricultural crops were given and average losses of yield of 15-20 % were established in our conditions. The increase in fuel consumption of 20-30 % has been established as well as the increase in soil resistance at ploughing of 2.0-2.5 times for the last 30 years. The total loss of USD 222/ha/yr was established because of excessive soil compaction. As result of complete research in soil compaction field the main factors and the main causes were systematized, afterwards the processes and consequences of excessive soil compaction were defined. The negative effects of excessive soil compaction were settled as well. In addition, measures of fight to excessive soil compaction were systematized as they are: agro biological, organization and technical. The most significant technical measures are: - decreasing a pressure on the soil - decreasing a skidding of walking elements - reducing a depth of walking elements track - increasing pull - abilities of mobile technique - reducing a traveled speed oh mobile systems and - the use of mobile bridges, rubber tracks and permanent track technology.
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