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2020, vol. 35, br. 1, str. 39-48
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Karakterizacija Monilinia spp., patogena koštičavih voćaka u Srbiji na osnovu morfoloških, odgajivačkih i ekoloških karakteristika
Morphological, cultural and ecological characterization of Monilinia spp., pathogens of stone fruit in Serbia
Projekat: Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije (institucija: Institut za pesticide i zaštitu životne sredine, Beograd) (MPNTR - 451-03-68/2020-14/200214)
Sažetak
Simptomi koje prouzrokuju vrste roda Monilinia lako su prepoznatljivi i karakteristični, međutim samo na osnovu simptoma nije moguće razlikovati vrste ovog roda. U literaturi je opisano nekoliko metoda koje omogućavaju preciznu identifi kaciju Monilinia vrsta. Uprkos dostupnim metodama, postoji nekoliko ograničavajućih faktora za njihovu upotrebu, pa je cilj ovog istraživanja bio da se utvrdi da li postoji još neka specifi čana osobina koja može da se koristi za preciznu identifi kaciju, kao i to da se još detaljnije opišu vrste ovog roda. Rezultati su pokazali da morfološke karakteristike na PDA podlozi, kao i brzina porasta micelije mogu biti koristan karakter za razlikovanje vrsta roda Monilinia s obzirom da vrsta M. fructicola raste značajno brže, kao i da vrsta M. fructigena raste najsporije. Optimalna podloga za porast izolata M. laxa i M. fructigena bila je MALT podloga, dok je za porast izolata M. fructicola bila PDA podloga. Na kiselim podlogama (pH 2) porast su ispoljili izolati M. laxa i M. fructicola, dok je na umereno baznoj podlozi (pH 9) porast ispoljio jedino izolat M. fructigena. Takođe, rezultati su pokazali da je optimalna temperatura za porast izolata M. fructigena i M. fructicola bila 23ºC, dok je za porast izolata M. laxa bila 28ºC. Sa druge strane, pri ekstremnim temperaturama vrste roda Monilinia ispoljile su određene razlike u porastu: izolat M. fructigena bio je najosetljiviji (porast je ispoljio pri temperaturama od 4°C i do 31°C), dok je izolat M. fructicola bio najotpornij (porast je ispoljio i pri 2°C, kao i pri 34°C). Rezultati ovih ispitivanja pokazali su da ne postoje specifi čne osobine izolata koje mogu omogućiti preciznu i pouzdanu identifi kaciju vrsta roda Monilinia, ali su primećene određene razlike u porastu pri ekstremnim temperaturama i pri različitim pH vrednostima podloge između različitih vrsta ovog roda. Buduća sveobuhvatnija istraživanja sa većim brojem izolata su neophodna za donošenje daljih zaključaka.
Abstract
Different brown rot pathogens cause similar symptoms on fruit, which makes it difficult to differentiate them based only on developed symptoms. Therefore, several methods have been described for accurate identification of Monilinia species. In spite of the fact that those methods can be reliable, there are several limitations for their use, and the aim of this study was to find out if there are any specific characteristics that could be used as additional features for precise identification and in-depth characterization of Monilinia species. The results showed that morphological characteristics on PDA, and mycelium growth rate on PDA medium can be useful characters for differentiation of Monilinia species since M. fructicola was found to grow faster than the other two test species, while M. fructigena grew the slowest. MALT was the optimal medium for M. laxa and M. fructigena isolates, while PDA medium was optimal for M. fructicola. Regarding an extremely acidic medium (pH 2), only M. laxa and M. fructicola isolates were able to grow in it, while M. fructigena isolate was the only that grew in a moderately alkaline medium (pH 9). Also, the results revealed that the optimal temperature for M. fructigena and M. fructicola growth was 23oC, while 28oC was optimal for M. laxa isolate. On the other hand, some differences in the sensitivity of Monilinia isolates were revealed at extreme temperatures: M. fructigena isolate was the most sensitive (grew from 4°C to up to 31°C), while M. fructicola isolate was the most resistant (grew at 2°C and 34°C). The obtained results inferred that there are no specific features that can be used for reliable and precise identification of Monilinia species, but we observed some differences regarding the effects of extreme temperatures and pH values of culture medium on different species. Further research, involving more isolates, is needed for a final conclusion.
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